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Table 3 Willingness to pay by socio-demographic subgroups

From: Robot-assisted surgery and artificial intelligence-based tumour diagnostics: social preferences with a representative cross-sectional survey

 

Preferred method

of surgery

Preferred method for the

radiological image assessment

Variables

Surgeon

(N = 638)

Robot-assisted

(N = 762)

Radiologist

(N = 930)

AI

(N = 470)

 

EUR; mean (SD)

Total

p = 0.153

p < 0.001

 

178.5 (429.5)

170.4 (300.0)

62.5 (110.8)

83.7 (129.5)

Sex

p = 0.311

p = 0.485

p = 0.922

p = 0.896

Men

168.4 (405.7)

167.8 (268.9)

70.2 (123.8)

81.4 (122.0)

Women

185.6 (445.9)

173.0 (329.0)

56.1 (98.6)

85.9 (136.5)

Age group, years

p = 0.001

p = 0.085

p = 0.161

p = 0.112

40–44

115.3 (228.7)

184.1 (293.6)

50.0 (91.1)

69.8 (114.2)

45–49

168.3 (395.8)

143.5 (247.4)

63.2 (113.7)

63.4 (98.0)

50–54

103.4 (228.1)

114.6 (214.4)

46.6 (89.3)

91.4 (158.0)

55–59

145.9 (372.9)

145.7 (282.5)

55.6 (96.1)

78.6 (138.1)

60–64

189.4 (334.7)

177.4 (306.0)

71.2 (119.0)

84.2 (130.1)

65–69

156.5 (275.6)

160.2 (244.7)

52.0 (63.4)

70.3 (87.0)

70–74

317.8 (759.9)

219.3 (374.1)

74.5 (147.0)

106.9 (160.7)

75+

338.2 (753.5)

251.5 (436.5)

106.3 (168.3)

109.4 (134.5)

Education

p = 0.013

p = 0.026

p < 0.001

p = 0.004

Primary

124.2 (290.1)

146.3 (288.0)

49.6 (106.9)

60.8 (113.2)

Secondary

181.4 (478.3)

144.2 (232.5)

55.6 (91.2)

83.5 (129.7)

Tertiary

249.3 (500.9)

211.4 (357.7)

83.9 (132.7)

101.1 (138.5)

Health education

p = 0.531

p = 0.300

p = 0.782

p = 0.514

Yes

272.3 (653.4)

210.9 (330.3)

77.9 (148.2)

102.8 (151.2)

No

170.0 (402.9)

167.5 (297.8)

61.3 (107.5)

82.0 (127.5)

Settlement type

p = 0.832

p = 0.028

p = 0.540

p = 0.024

Capital

198.5 (406.9)

204.1 (310.9)

61.5 (99.8)

94.4 (123.3)

Town

193.9 (500.4)

178.2 (327.7)

65.7 (117.9)

85.3 (136.6)

Village

132.7 (260.1)

113.4 (188.9)

56.5 (104.6)

68.6 (116.7)

Household income categorya (missing = 217)

p < 0.001

p < 0.001

p < 0.001

p < 0.001

1st quintile

117.2 (288.2)

83.8 (195.9)

48.0 (106.9)

45.6 (97.6)

2nd quintile

79.5 (118.9)

121.5 (219.3)

40.8 (78.3)

62.6 (114.0)

3rd quintile

249.8 (640.8)

176.7 (313.5)

65.3 (112.2)

96.8 (147.7)

4th quintile

217.3 (330.9)

174.4 (252.8)

71.9 (107.9)

92.3 (117.2)

5th quintile

311.4 (666.8)

239.2 (381.0)

97.3 (148.9)

102.4 (124.0)

Any implant ever

p = 0.058

p = 0.058

p = 0.375

p < 0.001

Yes

200.3 (455.3)

188.4 (311.3)

65.1 (110.2)

96.8 (133.6)

No

161.8 (408.6)

158.2 (291.9)

60.8 (111.2)

72.3 (125.0)

  1. Differences in WTP were tested with Kruskal-Wallis tests
  2. a ’Do not know’ and ’Do not want to answer’ responses were treated as missing values and excluded from the analysis