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Table 2 Relative and patient demographic characteristics from the questionnaire (absolute numbers and rounded percentages)

From: Varying (preferred) levels of involvement in treatment decision-making in the intensive care unit before and during the COVID-19 pandemic: a mixed-methods study among relatives

 

Pre-COVID-19 (n = 95)

First

COVID-19 wave (n = 130)

Second

COVID-19 wave (n = 104)

Total (n = 329)

p-value

Relative characteristics

     

Bereaved relative

25 (26.3)

39 (30.0)

26 (25.0)

90 (27.4)

0.692

Kinship to patient

    

0.574

 

Partner

49 (51.6)

72 (55.4)

51 (49.0)

172 (52.3)

 
 

Child

27 (28.4)

41 (31.5)

37 (35.6)

105 (31.9)

 
 

Other

19 (20.0)

17 (13.1)

16 (15.4)

52 (15.8)

 

Gender

    

0.047

 

Man

36 (37.9)

31 (24.0)

25 (24.3)

92 (28.1)

 
 

Woman

59 (62.1)

98 (76.0)

77 (74.8)

234 (71.6)

 
 

Other

0 (0)

0 (0)

1 (1.0)

1 (0.3)

 

Age

    

0.117

 

< 30 years

2 (2.1)

5 (3.8)

6 (5.8)

13 (4.0)

 
 

30–50 years

25 (26.3)

38 (29.2)

38 (36.5)

101 (30.7)

 
 

51–65 years

38 (40.0)

56 (43.1)

45 (43.3)

139 (42.2)

 
 

66 years or older

30 (31.6)

31 (23.8)

15 (14.4)

76 (23.1)

 

Level of education

    

0.088

 

Low

16 (17.0)

26 (20.5)

20 (19.4)

62 (19.2)

 
 

Medium

44 (46.8)

50 (39.4)

54 (52.4)

148 (45.7)

 
 

High

34 (36.2)

51 (40.2)

29 (28.2)

114 (35.2)

 

Cultural background*

     
 

Dutch

91 (95.8)

124 (95.4)

86 (82.7)

301 (91.5)

0.001

 

Othera

5 (5.3)

12 (9.2)

22 (21.2)

39 (11.9)

0.002

COVID-19 during ICU admission

0b

54 (42.2)

39 (37.5)

93 (40.1)c

0.535

Patient characteristics

     

Gender

    

0.011

 

Man

54 (56.8)

95 (73.1)

72 (69.2)

221 (67.2)

 
 

Woman

41 (43.2)

32 (24.6)

32 (30.8)

105 (31.9)

 

Age

    

0.152

 

< 30 years

1 (1.1)

1 (0.8)

2 (1.9)

4 (1.2)

 
 

30–50 years

7 (7.4)

12 (9.2)

11 (10.6)

30 (9.1)

 
 

51–65 years

36 (37.9)

52 (40.0)

45 (43.3)

133 (40.4)

 
 

66 years or older

51 (53.7)

65 (50.0)

46 (44.2)

162 (49.2)

 

ICU length of stay

    

0.248

 

3–4 days

7 (7.4)

5 (3.8)

2 (1.9)

14 (4.3)

 
 

5–10 days

34 (35.8)

36 (27.7)

38 (36.5)

108 (32.8)

 
 

11–20 days

25 (26.3)

46 (35.4)

37 (35.6)

108 (32.8)

 
 

> 20 days

29 (30.5)

43 (33.1)

27 (26.0)

99 (30.1)

 
  1. a e.g. Surinamese and Moroccan
  2. b value assumed because of pre-COVID-19
  3. c total calculated based on groups with valid data on this variable
  4. *: multiple answers possible
  5. Missing values: gender relative 2, education 5, COVID-19 2, gender patient 3
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