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Fig. 1 | BMC Medical Informatics and Decision Making

Fig. 1

From: Dealing with missing data in laboratory test results used as a baseline covariate: results of multi-hospital cohort studies utilizing a database system contributing to MID-NET® in Japan

Fig. 1

Overview of the two approaches considering hospital variations. Abbreviations: aHR, adjusted hazard ratio. † In the overall approach, the effects of missing data sources at the hospital level, including unobserved missing data sources, can be considered as the hospital effect of the fixed effect, if not all. ‡ In the hospital-specific approach, the interaction of patient background factors with hospitals can be considered

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