Table 1 Baseline characteristics of participants
non-DKD (n = 366) | DKD (n = 149) | Total (n = 515) | P value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Risk factors | ||||
Age (year) | 52.8 ± 0.51 | 57.3 ± 0.94 | 54.1 ± 0.46 | < 0.05 |
Gender (Male %) | 65.3 | 63.1 | 63.9 | 0.810 |
Duration (month) | 71.7 ± 4.0 | 105.9 ± 7.0 | 81.6 ± 3.5 | < 0.05 |
Hypertention | 38.9 | 67.8 | 46.8 | < 0.05 |
History (%) | 13.9 | 26.2 | 17.3 | < 0.05 |
Smoking (%) | 42.5 | 45.0 | 42.7 | 0.799 |
BMI (kg/m2) | 25.5 ± 0.19 | 26.0 ± 0.31 | 25.6 ± 0.16 | 0.109 |
HbA1c (%) | 8.9 ± 0.13 | 9.7 ± 0.19 | 9.1 ± 0.12 | < 0.05 |
UACR (mg/g) | 11.8 ± 0.56 | 176.9 ± 20.91 | 59.6 ± 6.90 | < 0.05 |
eGFR(ml/min/1.73m2) | 115.2 ± 1.44 | 98.1 ± 3.53 | 110.3 ± 1.48 | < 0.05 |
Vascular parameters | ||||
NVArea /104 (μm2) | 163.24 ± 0.39 | 172.77 ± 0.97 | 166.00 ± 0.44 | < 0.05 |
Tortuosity | 0.481 ± 0.0005 | 0.483 ± 0.0009 | 0.481 ± 0.0108 | 0.0145 |
FD | 1.4229 ± 0.0001 | 1.4105 ± 0.0218 | 1.4193 ± 0.0001 | < 0.05 |
VW(All) (μm) | ||||
Central | 57.10 ± 0.25 | 57.64 ± 0.41 | 57.24 ± 0.20 | 0.2651 |
Middle | 52.37 ± 0.24 | 53.57 ± 0.39 | 52.72 ± 0.20 | 0.0076 |
Peripheral | 42.97 ± 0.18 | 45.13 ± 0.32 | 43.60 ± 0.16 | < 0.05 |
VW(Vein) (μm) | ||||
Central | 57.18 ± 0.25 | 57.64 ± 0.41 | 57.32 ± 0.20 | 0.334 |
Middle | 52.34 ± 0.23 | 53.56 ± 0.40 | 52.68 ± 0.20 | 0.0066 |
Peripheral | 42.96 ± 0.18 | 45.15 ± 0.31 | 43.60 ± 0.16 | < 0.05 |
VW(Artery) (μm) | ||||
Central | 42.97 ± 0.18 | 45.13 ± 0.32 | 48.24 ± 0.24 | < 0.05 |
Middle | 42.97 ± 0.18 | 45.13 ± 0.32 | 47.12 ± 0.20 | < 0.05 |
Peripheral | 42.83 ± 0.19 | 44.40 ± 0.33 | 43.28 ± 0.16 | < 0.05 |