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Table 3 Estimated average treatment effects of nutrition care eventsa on blood pressure control

From: Associations between blood pressure control and clinical events suggestive of nutrition care documented in electronic health records of patients with hypertension

 

Blood Pressure ControlRisk Difference (RD) (95% CI; p-value)

 

Any Nutrition Care Events

Preventive Care Visits

Overweight/Obesity Diagnoses

Patient Education Materials

Estimates vs. E(Y(0,0,0))b

 Early E(Y(1,0,0))

-0.05, (-0.10,0.01; 0.09)

0.04, (-0.03,0.11; 0.264)

-0.01, (-0.10,0.08; 0.83)

-0.06, (-0.11,-0.01; 0.016)

 Late E(Y(0,0,1))

-0.12, (-0.24,-0.01; 0.03)

0.12, (-0.03,0.26; 0.11)

0.01, (-0.14,0.15; 0.92)

-0.15, (-0.28,-0.02; 0.02)

 Early + Late E(Y(1,0,1))

0.08, (-0.04,0.20; 0.19)

-0.08, (-0.23,0.08; 0.35)

-0.02, (-0.19,0.15; 0.84)

0.09, (-0.04,0.22; 0.185)

 All E(Y(1,1,1))

0.00, (-0.08,0.09; 0.93)

-0.05, (-0.22,0.11; 0.53)

0.09, (-0.28,0.45; 0.64)

0.01, (-0.12,0.15; 0.826)

 More Early E(Y(1,1,0))

-0.02, (-0.07,0.03; 0.40)

0.06, (-0.04,0.16; 0.22)

0.09, (-0.06,0.25; 0.25)

-0.01, (-0.08,0.05; 0.684)

 More Late E(Y(0,1,1))

-0.03, (-0.16,0.09; 0.60)

0.15, (-0.06,0.36; 0.15)

-0.1, (-0.65,0.45; 0.73)

-0.15, (-0.35,0.04; 0.118)

Estimates vs. E(Y(0,0,0)) among Black Patients

 Early E(Y(1,0,0))

-0.07, (-0.14,0.01; 0.09)

0.08, (-0.02,0.18; 0.10)

0, (-0.13,0.13; 0.99)

-0.08, (-0.15,-0.01; 0.03)

 Late E(Y(0,0,1))

-0.23, (-0.38,-0.08; 0.003)

0.15, (-0.06,0.35; 0.15)

-0.05, (-0.24,0.13; 0.58)

-0.23, (-0.41,-0.05; 0.01)

 Early + Late E(Y(1,0,1))

0.16, (0.00,0.32; 0.046)

-0.07, (-0.29,0.16; 0.56)

0.05, (-0.17,0.27; 0.64)

0.15, (-0.03,0.34; 0.11)

 All E(Y(1,1,1))

-0.05, (-0.17,0.07; 0.45)

-0.02, (-0.30,0.26; 0.89)

-0.09, (-0.61,0.44; 0.75)

-0.04, (-0.22,0.15; 0.70)

 More Early E(Y(1,1,0))

-0.06, (-0.14,0.02; 0.13)

0.09, (-0.06,0.25; 0.25)

0.06, (-0.13,0.24; 0.56)

-0.03, (-0.13,0.06; 0.51)

 More Late E(Y(0,1,1))

0.06, (-0.11,0.22; 0.48)

0.31, (0.07,0.54; 0.01)

-0.16, (-0.66,0.34; 0.52)

-0.15, (-0.42,0.12; 0.28)

Estimates vs. E(Y(0,0,0)) among white Patients

 Early E(Y(1,0,0))

-0.04, (-0.12,0.04; 0.35)

-0.03, (-0.13,0.07; 0.55)

-0.05, (-0.19,0.10; 0.51)

-0.04, (-0.11,0.03; 0.30)

 Late E(Y(0,0,1))

0.01, (-0.15,0.17; 0.87)

0.19, (0.01,0.38; 0.04)

0.12, (-0.15,0.39; 0.38)

-0.07, (-0.25,0.11; 0.46)

 Early + Late E(Y(1,0,1))

-0.01, (-0.18,0.17; 0.95)

-0.03, (-0.38,0.31; 0.85)

-0.18, (-0.86,0.49; 0.59)

0.00, (-0.20,0.21; 0.98)

 All E(Y(1,1,1))

0.05, (-0.10,0.20; 0.50)

-0.06, (-0.28,0.16; 0.57)

0.21, (-0.26,0.68; 0.37)

0.07, (-0.11,0.26; 0.45)

 More Early E(Y(1,1,0))

0.00, (-0.08,0.08; 0.99)

0.03, (-0.11,0.17; 0.70)

0.23, (-0.02,0.48; 0.07)

0.00, (-0.10,0.09; 0.95)

 More Late E(Y(0,1,1))

-0.15, (-0.34,0.03; 0.11)

0.00, (-0.34,0.34; 0.99)

0.41, (0.38,0.43; < 0.001)

-0.23, (-0.51,0.04; 0.10)

  1. aLongitudinal Targeted Maximum Likelihood Estimate (LTMLE) model: Fixed covariates: Race (African American or Black / White), Rural, Sex, Age2, # Comorbidities; Time-varying covariates: # hypertension medications at baseline, end Year 1, end Year 2, end Year 3; # primary care visits end Year 1, end Year 2, end Year 3; Independent Variable: >  = 1 Nutrition Care Events at end Year 1, end Year 2, end Year 3; Outcome Variable: Blood Pressure Control (yes/no); Censoring indicator for missing outcome at end Year 2 and end Year 3
  2. bNotation example: E(Y(1,0,0)) vs. E(Y(0,0,0)): Expected risk difference for at least one nutrition care event during Year 1, but none in Years 2 or 3, compared to none across the study period
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BMC Medical Informatics and Decision Making

ISSN: 1472-6947

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