Table 1 Characteristics of included patients

Number of patients

16,741

15,532

22,617

1,198

-

Age, years

67.00 [55.00, 79.00]

68.00 [58.00, 78.00]

67.00 [56.00, 78.00]

68.00 [55.00, 78.00]

0.080

Gender

 Male

9,352 (55.9)

9,393 (60.5)

12,153 (53.7)

737 (61.5)

< 0.001

 Female

7,389 (44.1)

6,139 (39.5)

10,464 (46.3)

461 (38.5)

Respiratory rate, breaths/min

19.00 [17.00, 22.00]

19.00 [17.00, 22.00]

20.00 [17.00, 23.00]

17.77 [15.61, 19.65]

< 0.001

Spo2, %

98.00 [96.00, 99.00]

97.00 [96.00, 99.00]

97.00 [96.00, 99.00]

98.85 [98.14, 99.38]

< 0.001

Temperature, °C

36.85 [36.41, 37.35]

36.83 [36.62, 37.12]

36.86 [36.58, 37.21]

36.88 [36.63, 37.30]

< 0.001

Heart rate, beats/min

87.00 [76.00, 100.00]

84.00 [76.00, 96.00]

88.00 [77.00, 100.00]

88.08 [74.87, 101.74]

< 0.001

SysBP, mmHg

113.00 [104.00, 126.00]

112.00 [104.00, 121.00]

112.00 [103.00, 124.00]

123.79 [113.27, 131.81]

< 0.001

Creatinine, mg/dL

1.13 [0.80, 1.93]

1.00 [0.75, 1.50]

1.00 [1.00, 2.00]

0.81 [0.61, 1.19]

< 0.001

Urine output, ml

1455.00 [827.00, 2330.50]

1490.00 [905.00, 2265.00]

1162.00 [555.0, 2020.00]

2330.00 [1075.00, 3645.00]

< 0.001

Lactate, mmol/L

1.80 [1.25, 2.77]

1.90 [1.40, 2.70]

2.00 [1.00, 3.00]

2.20 [1.55, 3.25]

< 0.001

Urea nitrogen, mg/dL

24.50 [15.00, 41.50]

19.50 [13.50, 32.50]

27.00 [16.00, 43.50]

18.32 [13.44, 26.97]

< 0.001

Anion gap, mEq/L

14.00 [12.00, 16.33]

14.00 [12.00, 16.50]

10.67 [8.00, 14.00]

12.40 [10.17, 15.30]

< 0.001

INR

1.33 [1.20, 1.68]

1.30 [1.20, 1.53]

NA [NA, NA]

1.21 [1.11, 1.33]

< 0.001

PTT, sec

33.00 [28.10, 42.63]

30.75 [27.50, 37.15]

35.00 [30.00, 44.00]

29.70 [26.20, 34.05]

< 0.001

Platelet count, K/μL

198.00 [135.58, 277.00]

160.33 [117.67, 222.67]

173.00 [120.50, 241.00]

194.75 [153.62, 240.92]

< 0.001

SOFA

6.00 [4.00, 9.00]

5.00 [4.00, 8.00]

4.00 [3.00, 6.00]

10.00 [8.00, 11.00]

< 0.001

Mortality, n

19.00 [17.00, 22.00]

19.00 [17.00, 22.00]

20.00 [17.00, 23.00]

17.77 [15.61, 19.65]

< 0.001