Fig. 8

Calibration and discrimination potentials of the proposed model and traditional scoring systems in external validation. A–G The external validation results in the MIMIC-IV dataset: A The new model (Brier score = 0.068; C-index = 0.862; discrimination slope = 0.303); B OASIS (Brier score = 0.097; C-index = 0.795; discrimination slope = 0.215); C APS III (Brier score = 0.079; C-index = 0.857; discrimination slope = 0.287); D SAPS II score (Brier score = 0.126; C-index = 0.794; discrimination slope = 0.275); E LODS score (Brier score = 0.082; C-index = 0.844; discrimination slope = 0.222); F SOFA score (Brier score = 0.0821; C-index = 0.773; discrimination slope = 0.123); G SIRS score (Brier score = 0.097; C-index = 0.621; discrimination slope = 0.011). H–K The external validation results in the eICU dataset: H The new model (Brier score = 0.083; C-index = 0.820; discrimination slope = 0.270); I SAPS III (Brier score = 0.081; C-index = 0.782; discrimination slope = 0.154); J APACHE IV score (Brier score = 0.091; C-index = 0.826; discrimination slope = 0.290); K SOFA score (Brier score = 0.090; C-index = 0.714; discrimination slope = 0.060). L–N The external validation results in the Zigong dataset: L The new model (Brier score = 0.210; C-index = 0.679; discrimination slope = 0.123); M SOFA score (Brier score = 0.250; C-index = 0.505; discrimination slope = 0.003); N SIRS score (Brier score = 0.285; C-index = 0.469; discrimination slope = -0.002)