Table 1 Baseline characteristics of included CKD patients

Gender

 Female

448 (32.99%)

182 (40.27%)

266 (29.36%)

< 0.01

 Male

910 (67.01%)

270 (59.73%)

640 (70.64%)

Age

 Mean (SD)

51.12 ± 16.09

49.56 ± 16.33

51.90 ± 15.92

0.01

DBIL

 Mean (SD)

2.11 ± 3.03

2.50 ± 1.71

1.92 ± 3.48

< 0.01

 Missing

133 (9.8%)

51 (11.3%)

82 (9.1%)

TP

 Mean (SD)

59.96 ± 10.23

65.50 ± 6.56

57.26 ± 10.61

< 0.01

 Missing

131 (9.6%)

50 (11.1%)

81 (8.9%)

ALB

 Mean (SD)

35.09 ± 7.71

39.67 ± 4.74

32.86 ± 7.90

< 0.01

 Missing

133 (9.8%)

51 (11.3%)

82 (9.1%)

GLO

 Mean (SD)

24.87 ± 4.98

25.85 ± 4.31

24.40 ± 5.21

< 0.01

 Missing

133 (9.8%)

51 (11.3%)

82 (9.1%)

AGRatio

 Mean (SD)

1.44 ± 0.35

1.57 ± 0.30

1.38 ± 0.35

< 0.01

 Missing

133 (9.8%)

51 (11.3%)

82 (9.1%)

SPE.ALB

 Mean (SD)

55.75 ± 6.01

58.15 ± 4.66

54.56 ± 6.26

< 0.01

 Missing

164 (12.1%)

55 (12.2%)

109 (12.0%)

SPE.alpha1

 Mean (SD)

4.61 ± 1.32

4.08 ± 1.07

4.87 ± 1.36

< 0.01

 Missing

164 (12.1%)

55 (12.2%)

109 (12.0%)

SPE.alpha2

 Mean (SD)

11.55 ± 4.25

9.51 ± 2.31

12.57 ± 4.62

< 0.01

 Missing

164 (12.1%)

55 (12.2%)

109 (12.0%)

SPE.beta

 Mean (SD)

12.22 ± 1.85

11.66 ± 1.45

12.50 ± 1.96

< 0.01

 Missing

164 (12.1%)

55 (12.2%)

109 (12.0%)

SPE.gamma

 Mean (SD)

15.88 ± 4.34

16.60 ± 3.62

15.52 ± 4.61

< 0.01

 Missing

164 (12.1%)

55 (12.2%)

109 (12.0%)

ALT

 Mean (SD)

20.62 ± 23.20

21.87 ± 29.67

20.01 ± 19.29

0.25

 Missing

125 (9.2%)

50 (11.1%)

75 (8.3%)

AST

 Mean (SD)

19.66 ± 14.29

19.92 ± 19.20

19.53 ± 11.16

0.70

 Missing

133 (9.8%)

51 (11.3%)

82 (9.1%)

ALP

 Mean (SD)

68.64 ± 32.29

67.58 ± 27.48

69.15 ± 34.39

0.39

 Missing

133 (9.8%)

51 (11.3%)

82 (9.1%)

GGT

 Mean (SD)

35.48 ± 59.54

35.77 ± 78.09

35.35 ± 48.12

0.92

 Missing

125 (9.2%)

50 (11.1%)

75 (8.3%)

TBA

 Mean (SD)

4.65 ± 5.69

5.57 ± 7.35

4.19 ± 4.58

< 0.01

 Missing

164 (12.1%)

55 (12.2%)

109 (12.0%)

LDH

 Mean (SD)

196.88 ± 55.63

181.08 ± 47.35

204.76 ± 57.77

< 0.01

 Missing

165 (12.2%)

55 (12.2%)

110 (12.1%)

APLB1

 Mean (SD)

127.40 ± 144.43

118.27 ± 141.11

131.95 ± 145.93

0.12

 Missing

164 (12.1%)

55 (12.2%)

109 (12.0%)

BUN

 Mean (SD)

10.88 ± 7.78

8.84 ± 6.55

11.88 ± 8.13

< 0.01

 Missing

74 (5.4%)

32 (7.1%)

42 (4.6%)

CRE

 Mean (SD)

205.18 ± 198.66

158.54 ± 152.71

227.85 ± 213.95

< 0.01

 Missing

74 (5.4%)

32 (7.1%)

42 (4.6%)

eGFR

 Mean (SD)

54.21 ± 33.96

62.20 ± 32.34

50.33 ± 34.07

< 0.01

 Missing

74 (5.4%)

32 (7.1%)

42 (4.6%)

CYSC

 Mean (SD)

1.94 ± 1.24

1.64 ± 1.09

2.09 ± 1.28

< 0.01

 Missing

362 (26.7%)

119 (26.3%)

243 (26.8%)

UA

 Mean (SD)

399.96 ± 107.38

376.30 ± 103.29

411.46 ± 107.51

< 0.01

 Missing

74 (5.4%)

32 (7.1%)

42 (4.6%)

GA

 Mean (SD)

12.82 ± 3.68

13.86 ± 3.25

12.32 ± 3.78

< 0.01

 Missing

241 (17.7%)

88 (19.5%)

153 (16.9%)

TG

 Mean (SD)

2.05 ± 1.52

1.81 ± 1.19

2.16 ± 1.65

< 0.01

 Missing

201 (14.8%)

68 (15.0%)

133 (14.7%)

LDL

 Mean (SD)

2.82 ± 1.49

2.40 ± 0.99

3.03 ± 1.64

< 0.01

 Missing

201 (14.8%)

68 (15.0%)

133 (14.7%)

N.HDL

 Mean (SD)

3.71 ± 1.63

3.20 ± 1.09

3.97 ± 1.79

< 0.01

 Missing

202 (14.9%)

68 (15.0%)

134 (14.8%)

APO.A.I

 Mean (SD)

1.33 ± 0.38

1.27 ± 0.30

1.36 ± 0.42

< 0.01

 Missing

202 (14.9%)

68 (15.0%)

134 (14.8%)

APO.B

 Mean (SD)

0.93 ± 0.36

0.82 ± 0.26

0.98 ± 0.39

< 0.01

 Missing

202 (14.9%)

68 (15.0%)

134 (14.8%)

APO.E

 Mean (SD)

52.10 ± 25.55

46.03 ± 19.34

55.11 ± 27.65

< 0.01

 Missing

202 (14.9%)

68 (15.0%)

134 (14.8%)

LPA1

 Mean (SD)

229.06 ± 328.97

199.44 ± 300.57

243.79 ± 341.44

0.02

 Missing

202 (14.9%)

68 (15.0%)

134 (14.8%)

Na

 Mean (SD)

141.68 ± 2.63

141.76 ± 2.50

141.64 ± 2.69

0.43

 Missing

80 (5.9%)

35 (7.7%)

45 (5.0%)

K

 Mean (SD)

4.10 ± 0.48

4.07 ± 0.42

4.11 ± 0.51

0.13

 Missing

80 (5.9%)

35 (7.7%)

45 (5.0%)

Cl

 Mean (SD)

105.13 ± 3.62

104.57 ± 3.25

105.39 ± 3.77

< 0.01

 Missing

80 (5.9%)

35 (7.7%)

45 (5.0%)

CO2

 Mean (SD)

25.34 ± 3.29

25.47 ± 3.03

25.27 ± 3.41

0.28

 Missing

80 (5.9%)

35 (7.7%)

45 (5.0%)

AG

 Mean (SD)

11.21 ± 2.76

11.71 ± 2.39

10.97 ± 2.89

< 0.01

 Missing

80 (5.9%)

35 (7.7%)

45 (5.0%)

Ca

 Mean (SD)

2.17 ± 0.20

2.25 ± 0.18

2.14 ± 0.19

< 0.01

 Missing

95 (7.0%)

42 (9.3%)

53 (5.8%)

P

 Mean (SD)

1.26 ± 0.30

1.21 ± 0.26

1.28 ± 0.31

< 0.01

 Missing

96 (7.1%)

43 (9.5%)

53 (5.8%)

Mg

 Mean (SD)

0.85 ± 0.10

0.86 ± 0.09

0.85 ± 0.10

0.01

 Missing

96 (7.1%)

43 (9.5%)

53 (5.8%)

CPK

 Mean (SD)

108.01 ± 125.32

89.95 ± 74.79

116.94 ± 143.08

< 0.01

 Missing

188 (13.8%)

65 (14.4%)

123 (13.6%)

CK.MB

 Mean (SD)

15.59 ± 11.07

14.51 ± 11.25

16.13 ± 10.95

0.02

 Missing

186 (13.7%)

63 (13.9%)

123 (13.6%)

CK.MM

 Mean (SD)

95.45 ± 156.53

84.19 ± 183.31

101.05 ± 141.16

0.11

 Missing

186 (13.7%)

63 (13.9%)

123 (13.6%)

CRP

 Mean (SD)

5.86 ± 16.71

6.02 ± 17.04

5.78 ± 16.56

0.82

 Missing

144 (10.6%)

55 (12.2%)

89 (9.8%)

HCY

 Mean (SD)

16.89 ± 12.92

15.99 ± 9.23

17.34 ± 14.39

0.06

 Missing

266 (19.6%)

90 (19.9%)

176 (19.4%)

IRON

 Mean (SD)

14.28 ± 6.01

15.09 ± 5.82

13.88 ± 6.06

< 0.01

 Missing

222 (16.3%)

81 (17.9%)

141 (15.6%)

UIBC

 Mean (SD)

29.90 ± 10.74

33.78 ± 9.58

28.02 ± 10.77

< 0.01

 Missing

223 (16.4%)

82 (18.1%)

141 (15.6%)

TIBC

 Mean (SD)

44.22 ± 10.56

48.94 ± 8.59

41.94 ± 10.67

< 0.01

 Missing

223 (16.4%)

82 (18.1%)

141 (15.6%)

TS.

 Mean (SD)

33.49 ± 14.67

31.55 ± 13.05

34.43 ± 15.31

< 0.01

 Missing

223 (16.4%)

82 (18.1%)

141 (15.6%)

IGG

 Mean (SD)

9.79 ± 4.10

11.20 ± 3.40

9.11 ± 4.24

< 0.01

 Missing

206 (15.2%)

76 (16.8%)

130 (14.3%)

IGA

 Mean (SD)

2.48 ± 1.10

2.56 ± 1.13

2.44 ± 1.09

0.09

 Missing

234 (17.2%)

84 (18.6%)

150 (16.6%)

RBP

 Mean (SD)

33.06 ± 38.51

28.30 ± 34.27

35.47 ± 40.30

< 0.01

 Missing

358 (26.4%)

116 (25.7%)

242 (26.7%)

IGM

 Mean (SD)

0.96 ± 0.51

0.98 ± 0.56

0.95 ± 0.48

0.32

 Missing

234 (17.2%)

84 (18.6%)

150 (16.6%)

IGE

 Mean (SD)

191.62 ± 702.02

136.94 ± 356.09

218.39 ± 818.68

0.02

 Missing

217 (16.0%)

77 (17.0%)

140 (15.5%)

C3

 Mean (SD)

0.97 ± 0.20

0.96 ± 0.18

0.97 ± 0.21

0.34

 Missing

228 (16.8%)

80 (17.7%)

148 (16.3%)

C4

 Mean (SD)

0.23 ± 0.07

0.22 ± 0.06

0.23 ± 0.07

< 0.01

 Missing

228 (16.8%)

80 (17.7%)

148 (16.3%)

CH50

 Mean (SD)

56.26 ± 19.92

56.29 ± 19.08

56.25 ± 20.33

0.97

 Missing

227 (16.7%)

79 (17.5%)

148 (16.3%)

B2M

 Mean (SD)

5.50 ± 4.95

4.49 ± 4.80

6.00 ± 4.94

< 0.01

 Missing

324 (23.9%)

106 (23.5%)

218 (24.1%)

TRF

 Mean (SD)

1.90 ± 0.46

2.11 ± 0.39

1.80 ± 0.46

< 0.01

 Missing

234 (17.2%)

85 (18.8%)

149 (16.4%)

ASO

 Mean (SD)

62.70 ± 93.47

68.73 ± 81.80

59.72 ± 98.65

0.12

 Missing

320 (23.6%)

109 (24.1%)

211 (23.3%)

RF

 Mean (SD)

11.54 ± 27.87

12.39 ± 39.63

11.13 ± 19.59

0.58

 Missing

321 (23.6%)

108 (23.9%)

213 (23.5%)

KAP

 Mean (SD)

2.69 ± 1.11

3.00 ± 0.95

2.53 ± 1.16

< 0.01

 Missing

331 (24.4%)

109 (24.1%)

222 (24.5%)

LAM

 Mean (SD)

1.57 ± 0.65

1.76 ± 0.61

1.47 ± 0.65

< 0.01

 Missing

331 (24.4%)

109 (24.1%)

222 (24.5%)

CA199

 Mean (SD)

17.37 ± 52.51

13.63 ± 26.38

19.11 ± 60.89

0.05

 Missing

374 (27.5%)

140 (31.0%)

234 (25.8%)

NSE

 Mean (SD)

13.17 ± 4.04

12.79 ± 3.71

13.34 ± 4.17

0.04

 Missing

385 (28.4%)

143 (31.6%)

242 (26.7%)

T3

 Mean (SD)

1.45 ± 0.38

1.54 ± 0.35

1.42 ± 0.39

< 0.01

 Missing

343 (25.3%)

125 (27.7%)

218 (24.1%)

T4

 Mean (SD)

84.29 ± 19.58

89.40 ± 18.27

81.86 ± 19.72

< 0.01

 Missing

342 (25.2%)

125 (27.7%)

217 (24.0%)

FT3

 Mean (SD)

4.12 ± 1.01

4.44 ± 0.93

3.97 ± 1.01

< 0.01

 Missing

339 (25.0%)

122 (27.0%)

217 (24.0%)

FT4

 Mean (SD)

15.14 ± 2.90

15.97 ± 2.74

14.74 ± 2.89

< 0.01

 Missing

339 (25.0%)

122 (27.0%)

217 (24.0%)

TSH

 Mean (SD)

3.81 ± 7.37

3.54 ± 7.55

3.94 ± 7.29

0.43

 Missing

339 (25.0%)

123 (27.2%)

216 (23.8%)

PTH

 Mean (SD)

75.98 ± 103.56

63.57 ± 74.62

82.27 ± 115.02

< 0.01

 Missing

204 (15.0%)

64 (14.2%)

140 (15.5%)

TDB

 Mean (SD)

314.84 ± 277.94

282.47 ± 278.80

330.78 ± 276.32

< 0.01

 Missing

224 (16.5%)

78 (17.3%)

146 (16.1%)

B12

 Mean (SD)

525.56 ± 309.05

516.47 ± 293.20

530.01 ± 316.61

0.48

 Missing

229 (16.9%)

81 (17.9%)

148 (16.3%)

FOL

 Mean (SD)

8.54 ± 5.08

8.85 ± 4.94

8.39 ± 5.14

0.14

 Missing

230 (16.9%)

81 (17.9%)

149 (16.4%)

NTX

 Mean (SD)

32.78 ± 41.57

27.02 ± 30.97

35.64 ± 45.68

< 0.01

 Missing

303 (22.3%)

102 (22.6%)

201 (22.2%)

X25OHD

 Mean (SD)

31.84 ± 19.43

42.14 ± 21.53

26.59 ± 15.89

< 0.01

 Missing

216 (15.9%)

66 (14.6%)

150 (16.6%)

HGB

 Mean (SD)

119.29 ± 25.81

123.62 ± 23.45

117.16 ± 26.65

< 0.01

 Missing

90 (6.6%)

34 (7.5%)

56 (6.2%)

HCT

 Mean (SD)

35.65 ± 7.40

36.91 ± 6.57

35.03 ± 7.71

< 0.01

 Missing

90 (6.6%)

34 (7.5%)

56 (6.2%)

MCV

 Mean (SD)

90.05 ± 5.06

90.05 ± 5.28

90.05 ± 4.95

0.99

 Missing

90 (6.6%)

34 (7.5%)

56 (6.2%)

MCH

 Mean (SD)

30.10 ± 1.98

30.11 ± 1.91

30.10 ± 2.01

0.90

 Missing

90 (6.6%)

34 (7.5%)

56 (6.2%)

MCHC

 Mean (SD)

334.24 ± 12.17

334.45 ± 11.69

334.14 ± 12.40

0.66

 Missing

90 (6.6%)

34 (7.5%)

56 (6.2%)

PLT

 Mean (SD)

218.90 ± 67.67

217.56 ± 64.12

219.56 ± 69.37

0.61

 Missing

102 (7.5%)

38 (8.4%)

64 (7.1%)

WBC

 Mean (SD)

30.92 ± 496.32

54.03 ± 853.94

19.37 ± 70.94

0.39

 Missing

20 (1.5%)

6 (1.3%)

14 (1.5%)

NEUT.

 Mean (SD)

61.92 ± 11.70

59.65 ± 11.73

63.03 ± 11.53

< 0.01

 Missing

90 (6.6%)

34 (7.5%)

56 (6.2%)

LYMPH.

 Mean (SD)

27.00 ± 10.00

29.16 ± 9.96

25.94 ± 9.85

< 0.01

 Missing

90 (6.6%)

34 (7.5%)

56 (6.2%)

MONO.

 Mean (SD)

7.78 ± 2.34

7.89 ± 2.30

7.72 ± 2.36

0.24

 Missing

90 (6.6%)

34 (7.5%)

56 (6.2%)

EO.

 Mean (SD)

2.86 ± 2.77

2.83 ± 2.57

2.88 ± 2.87

0.80

 Missing

90 (6.6%)

34 (7.5%)

56 (6.2%)

BASO.

 Mean (SD)

0.44 ± 0.27

0.47 ± 0.27

0.42 ± 0.26

< 0.01

 Missing

90 (6.6%)

34 (7.5%)

56 (6.2%)

NEUT

 Mean (SD)

4.47 ± 2.42

4.13 ± 2.03

4.64 ± 2.58

< 0.01

 Missing

90 (6.6%)

34 (7.5%)

56 (6.2%)

LYMPH

 Mean (SD)

376.29 ± 780.47

368.01 ± 811.23

380.34 ± 765.38

0.79

 Missing

79 (5.8%)

31 (6.9%)

48 (5.3%)

MONO

 Mean (SD)

0.52 ± 0.20

0.51 ± 0.18

0.53 ± 0.21

0.15

 Missing

90 (6.6%)

34 (7.5%)

56 (6.2%)

EO

 Mean (SD)

0.18 ± 0.19

0.18 ± 0.18

0.18 ± 0.20

0.56

 Missing

90 (6.6%)

34 (7.5%)

56 (6.2%)

BASO

 Mean (SD)

0.03 ± 0.02

0.03 ± 0.02

0.03 ± 0.02

0.17

 Missing

90 (6.6%)

34 (7.5%)

56 (6.2%)

RDW.CV

 Mean (SD)

12.99 ± 1.35

12.86 ± 1.34

13.06 ± 1.35

0.01

 Missing

102 (7.5%)

38 (8.4%)

64 (7.1%)

RDW.SD

 Mean (SD)

42.46 ± 4.71

42.05 ± 4.90

42.66 ± 4.61

0.03

 Missing

102 (7.5%)

38 (8.4%)

64 (7.1%)

MPV

 Mean (SD)

10.95 ± 1.10

11.00 ± 1.05

10.93 ± 1.12

0.29

 Missing

104 (7.7%)

37 (8.2%)

67 (7.4%)

PCT

 Mean (SD)

0.24 ± 0.06

0.24 ± 0.06

0.24 ± 0.07

0.74

 Missing

104 (7.7%)

37 (8.2%)

67 (7.4%)

P.LCR

 Mean (SD)

32.44 ± 8.97

32.89 ± 8.59

32.21 ± 9.16

0.19

 Missing

104 (7.7%)

37 (8.2%)

67 (7.4%)

PDW

 Mean (SD)

13.08 ± 2.57

13.23 ± 2.36

13.01 ± 2.66

0.14

 Missing

116 (8.5%)

41 (9.1%)

75 (8.3%)

RET.

 Mean (SD)

1.67 ± 0.95

1.64 ± 0.96

1.68 ± 0.94

0.50

 Missing

228 (16.8%)

76 (16.8%)

152 (16.8%)

U.PRO

 Mean (SD)

2.70 ± 3.02

0.52 ± 0.32

3.79 ± 3.17

< 0.01