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Table 1 Examples of the validation questions, answers output by the system, and results

From: Development of a novel drug information provision system for Kampo medicine using natural language processing technology

Examples of validation question

(Original text was in Japanese)

Answer in system

Question-author’s answers

System answersa

System confidence

Judgment

Can I use Daikenchuto for patients with high AST and ALT?

大建中湯はAST,ALTが高い人に使ってもいいですか?

Yes

Daikenchuto and

liver dysfunction

Daikenchuto and

liver dysfunction

95.2%

Correct

TP

In what patients is Shakuyakukanzoto contraindicated?

芍薬甘草湯禁忌はどんな患者さんですか?

Yes

Contraindications to Shakuyakukanzoto

Indication of Shakuyakukanzoto

×

71.4%

Incorrect

FN

Can I give Yokukansan to patients with gastrointestinal upset?

胃腸調子が良くない患者さんに抑肝散を使ってもいいですか?

Yes

Careful administration of Yokukansan

I do not have an answer.c

45.6%

Incorrect

FNb

Please tell me the crude drug that has a diuretic effect in Rikkunshito.

六君子湯中で利水利尿作用ある生薬を教えてください。

No

-

I do not have an answer.c

40.5%

Correct

TNb

How many grams of licorice can I take in a day when I take Yokukansan?

抑肝散一日甘草量は何グラムまでならよいですか?

No

-

Yokukansan package

×

95.5%

Incorrect

FP

  1. a 〇 means the results of the system were expected. means results of the system were “I do not have an answer.“ × means results of the system were unexpected
  2. bWhen the threshold of confidence rate is set to 61%
  3. TP True positive; FN False negative; TN True negative; FN False negative