Fig. 3

Variable selection by LASSO COX regression model. A coefficient profile plot was produced against the log(lambda) sequence (A). 17 variables with nonzero coefficients were selected by optimal lambda. By verifying the optimal parameter (lambda) in the LASSO model, the partial likelihood deviance (binomial deviance) curve was plotted versus log(lambda) and dotted vertical lines were drawn based on 1 standard error criteria (B)