Table 2 The 20 rules extracted through the decision tree

1

IF there is hypoglycemia, acidosis, and vomiting, THEN the patients are poisoned by biguanides (100%)

2

IF there is hypoglycemia and acidosis, vomiting is not present; THEN the patients are more likely to be poisoned by biguanides (72%)

3

IF hypoglycemia and vomiting are present, without acidosis, THEN the patients are more likely to be poisoned by sulfonylureas (57.5%)

4

If hypoglycemia and abdominal pain are present, acidosis and vomiting are not present, the reason for exposure is unintentional, THEN the patients are poisoned by sulfonylureas (100%)

5

If hypoglycemia and abdominal pain are present, acidosis and vomiting are not present, the reason for exposure is not unintentional, THEN the patients are poisoned by biguanides (100%)

6

If hypoglycemia is present, acidosis, vomiting, abdominal pain are not present, and the age is greater than 11.5 years, THEN the patients are poisoned by sulfonylureas (96.6%)

7

If hypoglycemia is present, acidosis, vomiting, and abdominal pain are not present, and the age is less than 11.5 years, THEN the patients are poisoned by sulfonylureas (99.4%)

8

If hypoglycemia is not present, the reason for exposure is intentional, and vomiting is present, THEN the patients are more likely to be poisoned by biguanides (98.9%)

9

IF hypoglycemia and vomiting are not present, the reason for exposure is intentional, and acidosis is present, THEN the patients are more likely to be poisoned by biguanides (98.8%)

10

IF hypoglycemia, acidosis, and vomiting are not present, the reason for exposure is intentional, and age is greater than 32.5 years, THEN the patients are more likely to be poisoned by biguanides (88.2%)

11

IF hypoglycemia, acidosis, and vomiting are not present, the reason for exposure is intentional, and age is less than 32.5 years, THEN the patients are more likely to be poisoned by biguanides (97.1%)

12

If hypoglycemia is not present, the reason for exposure is not intentional, and diaphoresis is present, THEN the patients are more likely to be poisoned by sulfonylureas (77.6%)

13

IF hypoglycemia and diaphoresis are not present, the reason for exposure is not intentional, and diarrhea is present, THEN the patients are more likely to be poisoned by biguanides (97.9%)

14

IF hypoglycemia, diaphoresis, and diarrhea are not present, the reason for exposure is not intentional, and acidosis is present, THEN the patients are more likely to be poisoned by biguanides (98.7%)

15

IF hypoglycemia, diaphoresis, diarrhea, and acidosis are not present, the reason for exposure is not intentional, and age is less than 7.5 years, THEN the patients are more likely to be poisoned by biguanides (56.4%)

16

IF hypoglycemia, diaphoresis, diarrhea, and acidosis are not present, the reason for exposure is not intentional, and age is greater than 7.5 years old, vomiting is present, THEN the patients are more likely to be poisoned by biguanides (97.1%)

17

IF hypoglycemia, diaphoresis, diarrhea, vomiting, and acidosis are not present, the reason for exposure is not intentional, and age is greater than 7.5 years old, abdominal pain is present, THEN the patients are more likely to be poisoned by biguanides (98.7%)

18

IF hypoglycemia, diaphoresis, diarrhea, vomiting, abdominal pain, and acidosis are not present, the reason for exposure is not intentional, and age is greater than 7.5 years old, tremor is present, THEN the patients are more likely to be poisoned by sulfonylureas (83.3%)

19

IF hypoglycemia, diaphoresis, diarrhea, vomiting, abdominal pain, tremor, and acidosis are not present, the reason for exposure is not intentional, and age is greater than 61.5 years, THEN the patients are more likely to be poisoned by biguanides (63%)

20

IF hypoglycemia, diaphoresis, diarrhea, vomiting, abdominal pain, tremor, and acidosis are not present, the reason for exposure is not intentional, and age is between 7.5–61.5 years old, THEN the patients are more likely to be poisoned by biguanides (82.8%)