Effects of a smartphone application named “Shared Decision Making Assistant” for informed patients with primary liver cancer in decision-making in China: a quasi-experimental study

Table 2 Comparison of the mean scores of the primary outcomes in the two groups

Variable	Time	Control (n = 90) Mean ± SD	Intervention (n = 90) Mean ± SD	P-value*
Decision conflict	Before the intervention	29.79 ± 9.22	28.44 ± 11.34	0.381*
Decision conflict	After the intervention	26.75 ± 9.79	16.89 ± 8.80	0.001*
<subscale>
Uncertainty	Before the intervention	5.95 ± 2.70	5.24 ± 2.61	0.054**
Uncertainty	After the intervention	5.61 ± 2.69	2.73 ± 2.44	0.001**
Uncertainty factors	Before the intervention	17.58 ± 5.84	16.48 ± 6.96	0.248*
Uncertainty factors	After the intervention	13.66 ± 6.01	9.91 ± 5.81	0.001*
Clarity***	Before the intervention	6.25 ± 2.91	7.01 ± 3.43	0.095**
Clarity***	After the intervention	7.48 ± 3.37	4.25 ± 3.40	0.001**

*Independent t-test, **Mann–Whitney test, ***A lower clarity score indicates less decisional conflict

ISSN: 1472-6947