The effect of a smartphone application on women’s performance and health beliefs about breast self-examination: a quasi-experimental study

Table 3 Comparison of the mean scores of the dimensions of the health beliefs in the two groups before and after the intervention

Variable	Time	Control (n = 75)	Intervention (n = 65)	P-value
Variable	Time	Mean ± SD	Mean ± SD	P-value
Perceived susceptibility	Before the intervention	12.08 ± 0.72	11.46 ± 2.58	0.129*
	After the intervention	12.09 ± 2.68	12.49 ± 2.19	0.445*
	Mean difference ***	0.01 ± 0.42	1.03 ± 2.65	0.001*
Perceived severity	Before the intervention	19.93 ± 5.68	19.71 ± 5.19	0.808**
	After the intervention	19.81 ± 5.75	21.35 ± 5.35	0.105**
	Mean difference***	− 0.12 ± 1.39	1.64 ± 5.24	0.078*
BSE benefits	Before the intervention	23.64 ± 3.36	23.43 ± 3.20	0.708**
	After the intervention	23.77 ± 3.37	24.06 ± 3.90	0.640**
	Mean difference***	0.13 ± 0.64	0.63 ± 4.61	0.076*
BSE barriers	Before the intervention	33.98 ± 4.90	34.53 ± 5.17	0.519**
	After the intervention	33.94 ± 4.84	37.33 ± 4.76	0.001**
	Mean difference***	− 0.04 ± 1.43	2.80 ± 5.32	0.001*
Self-efficacy	Before the intervention	26.27 ± 5.71	25.55 ± 5.88	0.469**
	After the intervention	23.52 ± 6.46	36.31 ± 7.62	0.001**
	Mean difference***	− 2.75 ± 2.44	10.75 ± 7.63	0.001*
Health motivation	Before the intervention	25.61 ± 4.55	25.74 ± 3.80	0.861**
	After the intervention	25.32 ± 4.49	28.51 ± 3.58	0.001**
	Mean difference***	− 0.29 ± 0.63	2.77 ± 3.70	0.001*

*Mann–Whitney test, ** Independent t-test, *** Post-test-pretest mean difference
Table shows that after the intervention, the mean differences of the perceived susceptibility, BSE barriers, self-efficacy, and health motivation were significantly higher in the intervention group compared to the control group. However, no significant difference was observed between the two groups with regard to perceived severity and BSE benefits after the intervention

ISSN: 1472-6947