Table 2 Summary of study characteristics and population
From: Health literacy and health outcomes in patients with low back pain: a scoping review
References | Country | Study design | Study size | Age | Gender | Race | Education level |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Briggs et al. [10] Briggs et al. [41] | Australia | Cross-sectional, mixed methods study | n = 117 | Mean ages: 38.5 (No CL back pain), 37.4 (CL back pain-low disability), 43.2 (CL back pain-high disability) | Female (n = 71) | Unspecified | ≤ Secondary school (n = 17), Trade certificate or diploma (n = 33), University degree (n = 30), No response (n = 37) |
Devraj et al. [12] | USA | Cross-sectional | n = 139 | ≥ 18 years | Females (n = 105) | White (n = 98), African American (n = 24), Hispanic (n = 8), Asian or Pacific Islander (n = 4), Native American (n = 4) | ≤ Secondary school (n = 37), Some college (n = 48), University degree (n = 54) |
Farin et al. [11] | Germany | Cross-sectional | n = 577 | 17–85 years | Females (n ~ 317) | Unspecified | ≥ Secondary school (77.9%), University-entrance diploma or technical college qualification (20.9%) |
Camerini and Schulz [51] | Switzerland and Italy | Cross-sectional | n = 273 | 20–89 years | Female (n = 159) | Unspecified | ≤ Secondary school (n = 90), Post-secondary non tertiary educational degree (n = 145), University degree (n = 38) |
Burke et al. [53] | USA | Cross-sectional, retrospective | n = 23,393 (back pain sub-sample of 2580) | ≥ 18 years | Unspecified | Included: White, Black, and Others | Included: ≤ High school, ≥ Some college |
Al-Eisa et al. [48] | Saudi Arabia | Cross-sectional | n = 227 | 20–55 years | Female only | Unspecified | Unspecified |
MacLeod et al. [54] | USA | Cross-sectional, retrospective | n = 7334 | ≥ 65 years | Females (n = 4384) | Sicker population (minority/non-white 7.3%, White 92.7%). Healthier population (minority/non-white 3.4%, White 96.6%) | Sicker population (≤ High school 41.8%, ≤ 2 year college 29.0%, ≥ 4 year college 29.2%). Healthier population (≤ High school 39.2%, ≤ 2 year college 28.9%, ≥ 4 year college 32.0%) |
Köppen et al. [20] | Austria | Cross-sectional | n = 121 | 18–65 years | Female (n = 89) | Unspecified | Compulsory school (17%), School leaving examination/ apprenticeship (61%), University (22%) |
Glassman et al. [47] | USA | Cross-sectional | n = 186 | ≥ 18 years | Females (n = 119) | Unspecified | ≤ Secondary school (n = 108), University degree (n = 51), no data (n = 27) |