Table 1 Demographics and clinical outcome of the patients

Age (years), mean (SD)

75 (7)

74 (7)

79 (7)

Sex, n (%)

Female

78 (49.7)

54 (48.6)

24 (52.2)

Male

79 (50.3)

57 (51.4)

22 (47.8)

Cardiac condition, n (%)

No

56 (35.7)

42 (37.8)

14 (30.4)

Yes

101 (64.3)

69 (62.2)

32 (69.6)

Pulmonary condition, n (%)

No

97 (61.8)

70 (63.1)

27 (58.7)

Yes

60 (38.2)

41 (36.9)

19 (41.3)

Charlson index, mean (SD)

5.91 (2.30)

5.50 (2.12)

6.91 (2.44)

median [IQR]

6.00 [4.00, 7.00]

5.00 [4.00, 6.50]

6.00 [5.00, 8.75]

ASA class, n (%)

1

2 (1.3)

1 (0.9)

1 (2.2)

2

46 (29.3)

40 (36.0)

6 (13.0)

3

81 (51.6)

57 (51.4)

24 (52.2)

4

27 (17.2)

13 (11.7)

14 (30.4)

5

1 (0.6)

0 (0.0)

1 (2.2)

BMI (kg/m²), median [IQR]

24.5 [21.5, 27.1]

24.6 [21.3, 27.4]

24.4 [22.1, 26.0]

Heart rate (beats per minute), mean (SD)

87.01 (18.53)

86.71 (18.33)

87.74 (19.17)

Systolic blood pressure (mmHg), mean (SD)

129.48 (22.31)

132.10 (22.00)

123.17 (22.00)

Hemoglobin (g/L), mean (SD)

123.64 (22.45)

124.59 (22.32)

121.35 (22.82)

CRP (mg/L), median [IQR]

63.00 [20.00, 165.00]

58.00 [13.50, 172.00]

98.50 [48.50, 142.75]

Creatinine (μmol/L), median [IQR]

81.00 [64.00, 121.00]

76.00 [64.00, 114.50]

102.50 [65.25, 139.50]

Surgery indication, n (%)

Ileus/obstruction

92 (58.6)

67 (60.4)

25 (54.3)

Perforation

37 (23.6)

25 (22.5)

12 (26.1)

Ischaemia

12 (7.6)

6 (5.4)

6 (13.0)

Infection

4 (2.5)

4 (3.6)

0 (0.0)

Bleeding

4 (2.5)

2 (1.8)

2 (4.3)

Other

8 (5.1)

7 (6.3)

1 (2.2)

Number of operations, n (%)

1

109 (69.4)

79 (71.2)

30 (65.2)

2

35 (22.3)

22 (19.8)

13 (28.3)

3

9 (5.7)

7 (6.3)

2 (4.3)

4

3 (1.9)

2 (1.8)

1 (2.2)

5

1 (0.6)

1 (0.9)

0 (0.0)

Surgical procedure, n (%)

Resection with primary anastomosis

64 (40.8)

43 (38.7)

21 (45.7)

Adhesiolysis

24 (15.3)

19 (17.1)

5 (10.9)

Resection with stoma formation

38 (24.2)

24 (21.6)

14 (30.4)

Other

18 (11.5)

15 (13.5)

3 (6.5)

Primary raphy

10 (6.4)

8 (7.2)

2 (4.3)

Embolectomy without bowel resection

3 (1.9)

2 (1.8)

1 (2.2)

Cancer, n (%)

No

78 (49.7)

58 (52.3)

20 (43.5)

Yes

79 (50.3)

53 (47.7)

26 (56.5)

Blood Transfusion, n (%)

No

96 (61.1)

77 (69.4)

19 (41.3)

Yes

61 (38.9)

34 (30.6)

27 (58.7)

Physiology Score, mean (SD)

23.54 (6.56)

23.62 (5.98)

23.33 (7.86)

Operative Severity Score (points), mean (SD)

14.73 (2.93)

14.82 (2.79)

14.50 (3.26)

Morbidity POSSUM, median [IQR]

65.00 [48.80, 82.90]

66.40 [51.20, 82.90]

61.40 [43.08, 86.30]

Mortality POSSUM, median [IQR]

5.70 [2.80, 13.60]

5.70 [3.05, 12.95]

5.65 [2.50, 16.95]

Osteopenia, n (%)

No

88 (56.1)

71 (64.0)

17 (37.0)

Yes

69 (43.9)

40 (36.0)

29 (63.0)

Postoperative infection, n (%)

No

99 (63.1)

68 (61.3)

31 (67.4)

Yes

58 (36.9)

43 (38.7)

15 (32.6)

Postoperative heart failure, n (%)

No

147 (93.6)

105 (94.6)

42 (91.3)

Yes

10 (6.4)

6 (5.4)

4 (8.7)

Postoperative MI, n (%)

No

146 (93.0)

104 (93.7)

42 (91.3)

Yes

11 (7.0)

7 (6.3)

4 (8.7)

Postoperative arrhythmia, n (%)

No

125 (79.6)

93 (83.8)

32 (69.6)

Yes

32 (20.4)

18 (16.2)

14 (30.4)

Postoperative renal failure (dialysis), n (%)

No

145 (92.4)

106 (95.5)

39 (84.8)

Yes

12 (7.6)

5 (4.5)

7 (15.2)