Table 6 Predictive performance using all 16 features in decision trees, random forests, and support vector machines for healthy controls (HCs) versus rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients and osteoarthritis (OA) versus RA patients

HC v.s. RA

 DT

0.75 (0.70–0.79)

0.77 (0.69–0.86)

0.69 (0.63–0.75)

0.62 (0.56–0.69)

0.85 (0.81–0.90)

0.74 (0.69–0.78)

 RF

0.80 (0.79–0.82)

0.83 (0.81–0.85)

0.79 (0.77–0.80)

0.76 (0.74–0.79)

0.84 (0.82–0.87)

0.88 (0.87–0.89)

 SVM

0.71 (0.64–0.78))

0.90 (0.78–1.00)

0.62 (0.51–0.73)

0.49 (0.37–0.62)

0.94 (0.89–1.00)

0.86 (0.78–0.93)

OA v.s. RA

 DT

0.78 (0.73–0.83)

0.90 (0.85–0.95)

0.77 (0.70–0.84)

0.68 (0.58–0.78)

0.89 (0.82–0.96)

0.79 (0.74–0.83)

 RF

0.80 (0.75–0.85)

0.84 (0.78–0.90)

0.84 (0.80–0.88)

0.86 (0.79–0.92)

0.68 (0.52–0.85)

0.87 (0.82–0.92)

 SVM

0.66 (0.56–0.70)

0.66 (0.56–0.70)

0.79 (0.72–0.82

0.47 (0.33–0.60)

0.93 (0.88–0.99)

0.82 (0.80–0.85)