Fig. 1

Histological features of stages Ta (a-c) versus T1 (d-f) bladder cancers. Three microscopic patterns, including desmoplastic reaction (d), retraction artifact (e), and more abundant, pinker cytoplasm (f, arrowhead), are apparent in invasive components of T1 tumors, but not in Ta tumors without (a, b) or with (c) an inverted growth pattern. Original magnification: a, c, e – 100x; b, d, f – 200x