Table 3 Prescription of combinations of psychotropic drugs, PICP and PIPS in 2000, and 2016, among patients in three nursing homes with 386 and 416 patients the respective years
2000 | 2016 | p-value | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Patients n (%) | n (%) | Patients n (%) | n (%) | ||
Combination of categories | 80 (20.7) | 210 (50.5) | < 0.001 | ||
Antidepressants + antipsychotics | 26 (32.5) | 62 (29.5) | 0.622 | ||
Antidepressants + anxiolytics-hypnotics | 32 (40.0) | 127 (60.5) | 0.002 | ||
Antidepressants + antiepileptics | 2 (2.5) | 28 (13.3) | 0.005 | ||
Antipsychotics + anxiolytics-hypnotics | 31 (38.8) | 95 (45.2) | 0.319 | ||
Antipsychotics + antiepileptics | 4 (5.0) | 15 (7.1) | 0.605 | ||
Anxiolytics-hypnotics + antiepileptics | 10 (12.5) | 38 (18.1) | 0.252 | ||
Potentially inappropriate combinations of psychotropic drugs (PICP) | 30 (7.8) | 116 (27.9) | < 0.001 | ||
Two or more antidepressants | 6 (20.0) | 40 (34.5) | 0.153 | ||
Two or more antipsychotics | 11 (37.0) | 8 (6.9) | < 0.001 | ||
Two or more anxiolytics-hypnotics | 7 (23.0) | 86 (74.1) | < 0.001 | ||
Two or more antiepileptics* | 5 (17.0) | 1 (0.9) | 0.001 | ||
Two or more psychotropic drugs with anticholinergic effects | 3 (10.0) | ||||
Potentially inappropriate psychotropic drugs (PIPS) | 69 (17.9) | 47 (11.3) | 0.008 | ||
Long acting benzodiazepines | |||||
Diazepam | 14 (20.3) | 33 (70.2) | |||
Flunitrazepam | 5 (7.2) | 0 | |||
Nitrazepam | 11 (15.9) | 2 (4.3) | |||
Psychotropic drugs with anticholinergic effects | |||||
Antidepressants | |||||
Amitriptyline | 8 (11.6) | 2 (4.3) | |||
Clomipramine | 1 (1.4) | 0 | |||
Nortriptyline | 6 (8.7) | 0 | |||
Antipsychotics | |||||
Chlorpromazine | 7 (10.1) | 0 | |||
Chlorprotixene | 2 (2.9) | 3 (6.4) | |||
Levomepromazine | 18 (26.1) | 4 (8.5) | |||
Prochlorperazine | 2 (2.9) | 0 | |||
Anxiolytics-hypnotics | |||||
Hydroxyzine | 3 (4.3) | 3 (6.4) | |||