Table 2 Parameters of base case and sensitivity analyses. There were no CKD 1 patients as the initial eGFR was below 90 mL/min/1.73 m^2. Hence, we did not perform sensitivity analyses of mortality rate, utility, and cost for CKD 1 patients

Mean of eGFR decline speed (mL/min/1.73 m^2/year)

2.2

0.1

10

[33]

Standard Deviation of eGFR delcline speed (mL/min/1.73 m^2/year)

6.5

0.1

10

[33]

Initial age (years)

37

30

60

[33]

Initial eGFR (mL/min/1.73 m^2)

73

30

75

[33]

Baseline mortality rate of predialysis patients

× 0.8

× 1.2

[34, 35]

Mortality rate of CKD 1 patients

Baseline × 1

× 0.9

× 1.1

[36]

Mortality rate of CKD 2 patients

Baseline × 1

× 0.9

× 1.1

[36]

Mortality rate of CKD 3a patients

Baseline × 1.2

× 1.1

× 1.3

[36]

Mortality rate of CKD 3b patients

Baseline × 1.8

× 1.7

× 1.9

[36]

Mortality rate of CKD 4 patients

Baseline × 3.2

× 3.0

× 3.4

[36]

Mortality rate of CKD 5 patients

Baseline × 5.9

× 5.6

× 6.2

[36]

Mortality rate of dialysis patients

1.32 × 10⁻³ × e^{0.060 × age}

× 0.8

× 1.2

[36]

Utility of CKD 1 patients

1

0.9

1

[12]

Utility of CKD 2 patients

0.9

0.8

1

[12]

Utility of CKD 3a patients

0.87

0.77

0.97

[12]

Utility of CKD 3b patients

0.85

0.75

0.95

[12]

Utility of CKD 4 patients

0.85

0.75

0.95

[12]

Utility of CKD 5 patients

0.85

0.75

0.95

[12]

Utility of dialysis patients

0.72

0.62

0.82

[12]

Cost of CKD 1 (1000 USD / year)

1.6

0.8

3.2

[46]

Cost of CKD 2 (1000 USD / year)

1.7

0.9

3.4

[46]

Cost of CKD 3a (1000 USD / year)

3.5

1.8

7.0

[46]

Cost of CKD 3b (1000 USD / year)

3.5

1.8

7.0

[46]

Cost of CKD 4 (1000 USD / year)

12.7

6.4

25.4

[46]

Cost of CKD 5 (1000 USD / year)

12.7

6.4

25.4

[46]

Cost of dialysis patients (1000 USD / year)

84.6

42.3

169.1

[2]

Improve rate of eGFR decline slope

0.59

0.1

0.9

[33]

Annual discount rate for costs

0.03

0

0.1

Annual discount rate for utilities

0.03

0

0.1