Table 1 Baseline characteristics of patients with and without end-digit preference. Data show percentages or mean values (95% confidence intervals)

Mean age in years

60.1 (56.3 to 64.0)

64.0 (62.6 to 65.3)

Male

68.6 (55.1 to 83.0)

55.2 (50.7 to 59.6)

 I

2.6 (0 to 8.3)

4.0 (2.3 to 5.8)

 II

43.6 (30.1 to 56.9)

35.5 (31.0 to 40.2)

 III

45.2 (30.8 to 59.8)

52.2 (47.4 to 56.5)

 IV

8.6 (0.6 to 17.6)

8.4 (5.8 to 11.2)

 White

54.2 (39.4 to 67.6)

58.4 (54.2 to 62.4)

 Black

18.5 (6.0 to 32.1)

36.7 (32.5 to 41.1)

 Other

27.3 (18.1 to 37.6)

4.9 (3.0 to 7.2)

Hispanic or Latino ethnic group

0 (0 to 3.6)

3.0 (1.6 to 4.7)

LVEF < 40%

75.7 (62.4 to 88.5)

65.8 (61.2 to 70.3)

Chronic kidney disease

59.9 (44.4 to 74.2)

56.8 (52.3 to 61.5)

COPD

19.6 (8.6 to 31.3)

20.9 (17.3 to 24.8)

Diabetes mellitus

52.8 (38.9 to 67.9)

52.2 (47.4 to 56.5)

Hypertension

63.4 (50.6 to 76.8)

77.0 (73.4 to 81.1)

Coronary artery disease

55.1 (41.4 to 69.3)

60.1 (55.6 to 64.5)

 Systolic

122.2 (115.3 to 129.0)

121.4 (119.1 to 123.8)

 Diastolic

69.7 (65.8 to 73.7)

70.2 (69.1 to 71.5)

Mean serum potassium

4.0 (3.9 to 4.2)

4.1 (4.1 to 4.2)

Mean blood urea nitrogen

31.9 (26.4 to 38.2)

28.1 (26.4 to 29.9)

Mean serum creatinine

1.6 (1.4 to 1.9)

1.5 (1.4 to 1.6)

Mean weight in lbs.

165.6 (142.9 to 187.1)

172.4 (165.8 to 179.4)

 ACE inhibitor or ARB

73.5 (59.3 to 87.5)

66.1 (61.7 to 70.6)

 Aldosterone-receptor antagonist

41.6 (29.6 to 55.2)

31.2 (27.1 to 35.5)

 Beta blocker

87.0 (76.2 to 96.7)

82.3 (78.5 to 85.7)

 Digoxin

30.2 (17.1 to 42.3)

24.5 (20.3 to 29.0)

 Loop diuretic

82.5 (71.4 to 93.9)

80.1 (76.2 to 83.6)

Graduated high school

82.0 (70.0 to 94.4)

75.6 (71.5 to 79.6)

Household income < $10,000 pa

23.6 (9.9 to 37.8)

22.4 (18.1 to 26.8)