Table 2 Summary of risk of bias assessment for non-randomised studies according to A Cochrane Risk of Bias Assessment Tool for Non-randomized Studies of Interventions (ACROBAT-NRSI) [33]
References | Bias due to confounding | Bias in selection of participants into the study | Bias in measurement of interventions | Bias due to departures from intended interventions | Bias due to missing data | Bias in measurement of outcomes | Bias in selection of the reported result | Overall bias |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Agrawal 2009 [35] | Serious | Low | Low | No information | No information | Serious | Low | Serious |
Allison 2015 [36] | Low | Low | Moderate | No information | Low | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate |
Boockvar 2010 [37] | Low | Moderate | Low | Moderate | No information | Moderate | Low | Moderate |
Gimeneze- Manzorro 2011 [42] | Serious | No information | Low | No information | No information | Moderate | Low | Serious |
Gimeneze- Manzorro 2015 [43] | Moderate | Low | Serious | No information | Moderate | Moderate | Low | Moderate |
Kramer 2007 [38] | Serious | Low | Low | Moderate | No information | Serious | Serious | Serious |
Murphy 2009 [39] | No information | No information | Moderate | Moderate | No information | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate |
Poole 2006 [41] | No information | Moderate | Low | Low | No information | Serious | Moderate | Serious |
Zoni 2012 [44] | Low | Low | Moderate | No information | Low | Moderate | Low | Moderate |