|
(1)
|
(2)
|
(3)
|
---|
40 < Age ≤ 60
|
0.125**
|
0.115**
|
0.114**
|
(0.055)
|
(0.055)
|
(0.056)
|
60 < Age ≤ 80
|
0.237***
|
0.235***
|
0.247***
|
(0.052)
|
(0.052)
|
(0.053)
|
Age > 80
|
0.315***
|
0.310***
|
0.326***
|
(0.055)
|
(0.055)
|
(0.057)
|
Female
|
−0.005
|
−0.006
|
−0.006
|
(0.011)
|
(0.011)
|
(0.012)
|
Black
|
−0.010
|
−0.012
|
−0.008
|
(0.040)
|
(0.040)
|
(0.041)
|
Hispanic
|
−0.104***
|
−0.085**
|
−0.010***
|
(0.035)
|
(0.037)
|
(0.036)
|
Other race
|
0.192***
|
0.190***
|
0.196***
|
(0.034)
|
(0.034)
|
(0.034)
|
Elective admission
|
−0.094***
|
−0.085***
|
−0.089***
|
(0.028)
|
(0.028)
|
(0.028)
|
Urgent admission
|
−0.005
|
0.003
|
0.007
|
(0.019)
|
(0.019)
|
(0.020)
|
1st risk score quartile
|
−0.481***
|
−0.499***
|
−0.506***
|
(0.013)
|
(0.014)
|
(0.013)
|
2nd risk score quartile
|
−0.322***
|
−0.337***
|
−0.338***
|
(0.013)
|
(0.013)***
|
(0.013)
|
3rd risk score quartile
|
−0.157***
|
−0.170***
|
−0.167***
|
(0.013)
|
(0.013)
|
(0.014)
|
Private insurance
|
−0.031
|
−0.031
|
−0.024
|
(0.021)
|
(0.021)
|
(0.021)
|
Medicaid
|
0.088*
|
0.074
|
0.088*
|
(0.050)
|
(0.048)
|
(0.050)
|
Self-pay
|
0.051
|
0.051
|
0.034
|
(0.084)
|
(0.086)
|
(0.085)
|
Private managed care
|
0.002
|
0.002
|
0.013
|
(0.041)
|
(0.041)
|
(0.043)
|
Medicare managed care
|
−0.030**
|
−0.028*
|
−0.030**
|
(0.015)
|
(0.015)
|
(0.015)
|
Medicaid managed care
|
−0.001
|
−0.008
|
−0.002
|
(0.069)
|
(0.061)
|
(0.062)
|
Post intervention period
|
−0.598***
|
−0.460***
|
−0.378***
|
(0.028)
|
(0.030)
|
(0.056)
|
Time trend variables
| | | |
Monthly trend
|
X
|
X
| |
Monthly trend squared
| |
X
| |
Month indicators
| | |
X
|
- Notes: Standard errors in parenthesis; *** p<0.01, **p<0.05, *p<0.1. Base categories include: age ≤ 40; white; emergency admission; 4th (highest) risk score quartile; and Medicare.