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Table 1 Patient characteristics and incidence of lymph node metastasis

From: Prediction of axillary lymph node metastasis in primary breast cancer patients using a decision tree-based model

Variables

Tokyo dataset

Kyoto dataset

Seoul dataset

P-value§

 

No

%

No

%

No

%

No. of patients

148

(100)

143

(100)

174

(100)

 

Age

      

<0.001

 Median

55

60

50

 

 Range

(31–85)

(26–88)

(25–74)

 

Body mass index

0.019

 Median

22.9

22.3

23.2

 

 Range

(16.6–43.2)

(14.8–31.4)

(17.8–37)

 

 Unknown

3

(2)

0

(0)

1

(0.6)

 

Clinical T classification

0.2621

 T1

102

(68.9)

100

(69.9)

108

(62.1)

 

 T2

46

(31.1)

43

(30.1)

66

(37.9)

 

Clinical N classification

0.002

 N0

137

(92.6)

135

(94.4)

174

(100)

 

 N1

11

(7.4)

8

(5.6)

0

(0)

 

Skin dimpling

<0.001

 Yes

22

(14.9)

14

(9.8)

2

(1.1)

 

 No

109

(73.6)

129

(90.2)

172

(98.9)

 

 Unknown

17

(11.5)

0

(0)

0

(0)

 

Nipple discharge

0.238

 Yes

6

(4.1)

2

(1.4)

3

(1.7)

 

 No

138

(93.2)

141

(98.6)

170

(97.7)

 

 Unknown

4

(2.7)

0

(0)

1

(0.6)

 

Mammography

 

Presence of masses

0.284

 Yes

90

(60.8)

88

(61.5)

102

(58.6)

 

 Focal asymmetry

22

(14.9)

20

(14)

39

(22.4)

 

 No

35

(23.6)

26

(18.2)

33

(19)

 

 Unknown

1

(0.7)

9

(6.3)

0

(0)

 

Presence of calcifications

0.037

 Yes

67

(45.3)

44

(30.8)

59

(33.9)

 

 No

81

(54.7)

94

(65.7)

115

(66.1)

 

 Unknown

0

(0)

5

(3.5)

0

(0)

 

Shape of calcifications

0.010

 Fine branching or casting

4

(6)

1

(2.3)

3

(5.1)

 

 Pleomorphic

9

(13.4)

11

(25)

21

(35.6)

 

 Amorphous or indistinct

43

(64.2)

27

(61.4)

35

(59.3)

 

 Round or benign

11

(16.4)

4

(9.1)

0

(0)

 

 Unknown

0

(0)

1

(2.3)

0

(0)

 

Distribution of calcifications

0.024

 Linear or segmented

26

(38.8)

14

(31.8)

22

(37.3)

 

 Grouped or clustered

30

(44.8)

29

(65.9)

36

(61)

 

 Regional or diffuse

9

(13.4)

1

(2.3)

1

(1.7)

 

 Unknown

2

(3)

0

(0)

0

(0)

 

Ultrasonography

       

 Presence of masses

0.264

 Yes

142

(95.9)

133

(93)

161

(92.5)

 

 No

5

(3.4)

10

(7)

13

(7.5)

 

 Unknown

1

(0.7)

0

(0)

0

(0)

 

 Multifocality

0.114

 Yes

27

(19)

14

(10.5)

21

(13)

 

 No

115

(81)

119

(89.5)

140

(87)

 

 Maximum tumor size (mm)

0.004

 Median

16

16.1

19

 

 Range

(4–37)

(5–35)

(4–37)

 

 Depth/width ratio

0.001

 Median

0.72

0.67

0.64

 

 Range

(0.31–1.36)

(0.22–1.43)

(0.33–1.27)

 

 Unknown

0

(0)

9

(6.8)

0

(0)

 

 Echogenic halo

<0.001

 Yes

32

(22.5)

62

(46.6)

38

(23.6)

 

 No

109

(76.8)

71

(53.4)

123

(76.4)

 

 Unknown

1

(0.7)

0

(0)

0

(0)

 

 Interruption of the anterior border of the mammary gland

0.807

 Yes

99

(69.7)

91

(68.4)

106

(65.8)

 

 No

43

(30.3)

42

(31.6)

54

(33.5)

 

 Unknown

0

(0)

0

(0)

1

(0.6)

 

 Detection of LNs

0.130

 Detectable

49

(33.1)

37

(25.9)

56

(32.2)

 

 Not detectable

82

(55.4)

105

(73.4)

117

(67.2)

 

 Unknown

17

(11.5)

1

(0.7)

1

(0.6)

 

 Maximum size (mm) of LNs

0.010

 Median

11

10

10

 

 Range

(5–22)

(3–32)

(4–17)

 

 Unknown

0

(0)

4

(10.8)

1

(1.8)

 

 Hilum of LNs

0.021

 Detectable

43

(87.8)

27

(73)

36

(64.3)

 

 Not detectable

6

(12.2)

9

(24.3)

20

(35.7)

 

 Unknown

0

(0)

1

(2.7)

0

(0)

 

Histological type

0.584

 Invasive ductal carcinoma

135

(91.2)

129

(90.2)

160

(92)

 

 Invasive lobular carcinoma

5

(3.4)

3

(2.1)

7

(4)

 

 Other specific types

8

(5.4)

11

(7.7)

7

(4)

 

Estrogen receptor†

0.023

 Positive

119

(80.4)

114

(79.7)

121

(69.5)

 

 Negative

27

(18.2)

29

(20.3)

53

(30.5)

 

 Unknown

2

(1.4)

0

(0)

0

(0)

 

Progesterone receptor†

0.427

 Positive

83

(56.1)

89

(62.2)

96

(55.2)

 

 Negative

63

(42.6)

54

(37.8)

78

(44.8)

 

 Unknown

2

(1.4)

0

(0)

0

(0)

 

HER2‡

0.019

 Positive

18

(12.2)

11

(7.7)

29

(16.7)

 

 Negative

121

(81.8)

131

(91.6)

125

(71.8)

 

 Unknown

9

(6.1)

1

(0.7)

20

(11.5)

 

Histological/nuclear grade

<0.001

 1

64

(43.2)

43

(30.1)

4

(2.3)

 

 2

47

(31.8)

63

(44.1)

82

(47.1)

 

 3

27

(18.2)

36

(25.2)

88

(50.6)

 

 Unknown

10

(6.8)

1

(0.7)

0

(0)

 

LN metastasis

0.292

 Yes

44

(29.7)

44

(30.8)

41

(23.6)

 

 No

104

(70.3)

99

(69.2)

133

(76.4)

 
  1. Note:
  2. Abbreviations: LN, lymph node.
  3. †Estrogen receptor or progesterone receptor positive was defined as ≥10% positively stained cells on immunohistochemical (IHC) testing.
  4. ‡HER2 positive was defined as IHC 3+ or positive on fluorescence in situ hybridization testing.
  5. §The χ 2 test or Kruskal–Wallis test was used depending on the distribution of patients in each variable and dataset.
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