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Table 1 Patient characteristics and incidence of lymph node metastasis
| Variables | Tokyo dataset | Kyoto dataset | Seoul dataset | P-value§ | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No | % | No | % | No | % | ||
| No. of patients | 148 | (100) | 143 | (100) | 174 | (100) | |
| Age | <0.001 | ||||||
| Median | 55 | 60 | 50 | ||||
| Range | (31–85) | (26–88) | (25–74) | ||||
| Body mass index | 0.019 | ||||||
| Median | 22.9 | 22.3 | 23.2 | ||||
| Range | (16.6–43.2) | (14.8–31.4) | (17.8–37) | ||||
| Unknown | 3 | (2) | 0 | (0) | 1 | (0.6) | |
| Clinical T classification | 0.2621 | ||||||
| T1 | 102 | (68.9) | 100 | (69.9) | 108 | (62.1) | |
| T2 | 46 | (31.1) | 43 | (30.1) | 66 | (37.9) | |
| Clinical N classification | 0.002 | ||||||
| N0 | 137 | (92.6) | 135 | (94.4) | 174 | (100) | |
| N1 | 11 | (7.4) | 8 | (5.6) | 0 | (0) | |
| Skin dimpling | <0.001 | ||||||
| Yes | 22 | (14.9) | 14 | (9.8) | 2 | (1.1) | |
| No | 109 | (73.6) | 129 | (90.2) | 172 | (98.9) | |
| Unknown | 17 | (11.5) | 0 | (0) | 0 | (0) | |
| Nipple discharge | 0.238 | ||||||
| Yes | 6 | (4.1) | 2 | (1.4) | 3 | (1.7) | |
| No | 138 | (93.2) | 141 | (98.6) | 170 | (97.7) | |
| Unknown | 4 | (2.7) | 0 | (0) | 1 | (0.6) | |
| Mammography | |||||||
| Presence of masses | 0.284 | ||||||
| Yes | 90 | (60.8) | 88 | (61.5) | 102 | (58.6) | |
| Focal asymmetry | 22 | (14.9) | 20 | (14) | 39 | (22.4) | |
| No | 35 | (23.6) | 26 | (18.2) | 33 | (19) | |
| Unknown | 1 | (0.7) | 9 | (6.3) | 0 | (0) | |
| Presence of calcifications | 0.037 | ||||||
| Yes | 67 | (45.3) | 44 | (30.8) | 59 | (33.9) | |
| No | 81 | (54.7) | 94 | (65.7) | 115 | (66.1) | |
| Unknown | 0 | (0) | 5 | (3.5) | 0 | (0) | |
| Shape of calcifications | 0.010 | ||||||
| Fine branching or casting | 4 | (6) | 1 | (2.3) | 3 | (5.1) | |
| Pleomorphic | 9 | (13.4) | 11 | (25) | 21 | (35.6) | |
| Amorphous or indistinct | 43 | (64.2) | 27 | (61.4) | 35 | (59.3) | |
| Round or benign | 11 | (16.4) | 4 | (9.1) | 0 | (0) | |
| Unknown | 0 | (0) | 1 | (2.3) | 0 | (0) | |
| Distribution of calcifications | 0.024 | ||||||
| Linear or segmented | 26 | (38.8) | 14 | (31.8) | 22 | (37.3) | |
| Grouped or clustered | 30 | (44.8) | 29 | (65.9) | 36 | (61) | |
| Regional or diffuse | 9 | (13.4) | 1 | (2.3) | 1 | (1.7) | |
| Unknown | 2 | (3) | 0 | (0) | 0 | (0) | |
| Ultrasonography | |||||||
| Presence of masses | 0.264 | ||||||
| Yes | 142 | (95.9) | 133 | (93) | 161 | (92.5) | |
| No | 5 | (3.4) | 10 | (7) | 13 | (7.5) | |
| Unknown | 1 | (0.7) | 0 | (0) | 0 | (0) | |
| Multifocality | 0.114 | ||||||
| Yes | 27 | (19) | 14 | (10.5) | 21 | (13) | |
| No | 115 | (81) | 119 | (89.5) | 140 | (87) | |
| Maximum tumor size (mm) | 0.004 | ||||||
| Median | 16 | 16.1 | 19 | ||||
| Range | (4–37) | (5–35) | (4–37) | ||||
| Depth/width ratio | 0.001 | ||||||
| Median | 0.72 | 0.67 | 0.64 | ||||
| Range | (0.31–1.36) | (0.22–1.43) | (0.33–1.27) | ||||
| Unknown | 0 | (0) | 9 | (6.8) | 0 | (0) | |
| Echogenic halo | <0.001 | ||||||
| Yes | 32 | (22.5) | 62 | (46.6) | 38 | (23.6) | |
| No | 109 | (76.8) | 71 | (53.4) | 123 | (76.4) | |
| Unknown | 1 | (0.7) | 0 | (0) | 0 | (0) | |
| Interruption of the anterior border of the mammary gland | 0.807 | ||||||
| Yes | 99 | (69.7) | 91 | (68.4) | 106 | (65.8) | |
| No | 43 | (30.3) | 42 | (31.6) | 54 | (33.5) | |
| Unknown | 0 | (0) | 0 | (0) | 1 | (0.6) | |
| Detection of LNs | 0.130 | ||||||
| Detectable | 49 | (33.1) | 37 | (25.9) | 56 | (32.2) | |
| Not detectable | 82 | (55.4) | 105 | (73.4) | 117 | (67.2) | |
| Unknown | 17 | (11.5) | 1 | (0.7) | 1 | (0.6) | |
| Maximum size (mm) of LNs | 0.010 | ||||||
| Median | 11 | 10 | 10 | ||||
| Range | (5–22) | (3–32) | (4–17) | ||||
| Unknown | 0 | (0) | 4 | (10.8) | 1 | (1.8) | |
| Hilum of LNs | 0.021 | ||||||
| Detectable | 43 | (87.8) | 27 | (73) | 36 | (64.3) | |
| Not detectable | 6 | (12.2) | 9 | (24.3) | 20 | (35.7) | |
| Unknown | 0 | (0) | 1 | (2.7) | 0 | (0) | |
| Histological type | 0.584 | ||||||
| Invasive ductal carcinoma | 135 | (91.2) | 129 | (90.2) | 160 | (92) | |
| Invasive lobular carcinoma | 5 | (3.4) | 3 | (2.1) | 7 | (4) | |
| Other specific types | 8 | (5.4) | 11 | (7.7) | 7 | (4) | |
| Estrogen receptor† | 0.023 | ||||||
| Positive | 119 | (80.4) | 114 | (79.7) | 121 | (69.5) | |
| Negative | 27 | (18.2) | 29 | (20.3) | 53 | (30.5) | |
| Unknown | 2 | (1.4) | 0 | (0) | 0 | (0) | |
| Progesterone receptor† | 0.427 | ||||||
| Positive | 83 | (56.1) | 89 | (62.2) | 96 | (55.2) | |
| Negative | 63 | (42.6) | 54 | (37.8) | 78 | (44.8) | |
| Unknown | 2 | (1.4) | 0 | (0) | 0 | (0) | |
| HER2‡ | 0.019 | ||||||
| Positive | 18 | (12.2) | 11 | (7.7) | 29 | (16.7) | |
| Negative | 121 | (81.8) | 131 | (91.6) | 125 | (71.8) | |
| Unknown | 9 | (6.1) | 1 | (0.7) | 20 | (11.5) | |
| Histological/nuclear grade | <0.001 | ||||||
| 1 | 64 | (43.2) | 43 | (30.1) | 4 | (2.3) | |
| 2 | 47 | (31.8) | 63 | (44.1) | 82 | (47.1) | |
| 3 | 27 | (18.2) | 36 | (25.2) | 88 | (50.6) | |
| Unknown | 10 | (6.8) | 1 | (0.7) | 0 | (0) | |
| LN metastasis | 0.292 | ||||||
| Yes | 44 | (29.7) | 44 | (30.8) | 41 | (23.6) | |
| No | 104 | (70.3) | 99 | (69.2) | 133 | (76.4) | |
