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Table 2 Multivariable Cox proportional hazard model showing relative hazards (RH) for time-to-virologic-failure, fitted on the whole study population (n = 2,337)
| Factor | RH | 95% CI | p-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| calendar year | before 2004 vs. 2007 and after | 2.06 | (1.67-2.54) | < 0.0001 |
| 2004 vs. after 2007 and after | 1.62 | (1.29-2.03) | < 0.0001 | |
| 2005-2006 vs. 2007 and after | 1.28 | (1.06-1.55) | 0.0109 | |
| cART | 2NRTI+1PI vs. 2NRTI+1NNRTI | 1.03 | (0.83-1.27) | 0.8028 |
| 2NRTI+1PI/r vs. 2NRTI+1NNRTI | 0.63 | (0.54-0.75) | < 0.0001 | |
| 3NRTI vs. 2NRTI+1NNRTI | 1.23 | (0.92-1.64) | 0.1599 | |
| age (per 10 years older) | 0.89 | (0.82-0.96) | 0.0036 | |
| gender (male vs. female) | 1.06 | (0.91-1.23) | 0.4668 | |
| mode of HIV-1 transmission | male homosexual vs. heterosexual | 1.08 | (0.88-1.33) | 0.4680 |
| IDU vs. heterosexual | 1.08 | (0.87-1.32) | 0.4898 | |
| other/unknown vs. heterosexual | 1.08 | (0.9-1.29) | 0.4248 | |
| nationality | non-Italian vs. Italian | 1.23 | (0.9-1.67) | 0.1992 |
| unknown vs. Italian | 0.94 | (0.78-1.14) | 0.5475 | |
| HCV/HBV coinfection | unknown vs. no | 1.18 | (0.97-1.45) | 0.1049 |
| yes vs. no | 1.04 | (0.82-1.32) | 0.7277 | |
| HIV-1 RNA per log10 copies/ml higher | 1.27 | (1.17-1.39) | < 0.0001 | |
| CD4+ count cells/mm3 | < = 100 vs. > 500 | 1.57 | (1.23-2) | 0.0003 |
| > 100 and < = 199 vs. > 500 | 1.16 | (0.93-1.45) | 0.1968 | |
| > 200 and < = 349 vs. > 500 | 1.22 | (1-1.48) | 0.0447 | |
| > 350 and < = 499 vs. > 500 | 0.98 | (0.79-1.21) | 0.8202 | |
| interval time from the first HIV-1 positive test to ART initiation | < = 12 vs. > 60 months | 0.87 | (0.67-1.13) | 0.2944 |
| > 12 and < = 60 vs. > 60 months | 1.01 | (0.81-1.27) | 0.9114 | |
| unknown vs. > 60 months | 0.92 | (0.77-1.11) | 0.3938 | |
| duration of prior ART exposures | < = 6 vs. > 24 months | 0.84 | (0.7-1.01) | 0.0626 |
| > 6 and < = 12 vs. > 24 months | 0.92 | (0.73-1.17) | 0.5029 | |
| > 12 and < = 24 vs. > 24 months | 0.83 | (0.66-1.03) | 0.0890 | |
| previous AIDS-defining events (yes vs. no) | 0.86 | (0.7-1.05) | 0.1379 | |
| #previous ART switches | 1.03 | (1-1.05) | 0.0522 | |
| previous ART class exposure | NRTI vs. ART-naïve | 1.48 | (1.01-2.17) | 0.0441 |
| NRTI and NNRTI vs. ART-naïve | 1.38 | (0.99-1.93) | 0.0546 | |
| NRTI and NNRTI and PI vs. ART-naïve | 1.43 | (1.03-1.99) | 0.0315 | |
| NRTI and NNRTI and PI/r vs. ART-naïve | 2.96 | (2.16-4.06) | < 0.0001 | |
| NRTI and PI vs. ART-naïve | 2.18 | (1.64-2.89) | < 0.0001 | |
| NRTI and PI/r vs. ART-naïve | 2.72 | (1.98-3.75) | < 0.0001 | |
| other classes vs. ART-naïve | 2.31 | (1.31-4.05) | 0.0036 | |
| previous exposure to suboptimal ART (yes vs. no) | 0.85 | (0.71-1.03) | 0.0946 | |
| viral subtype | 02_AG vs. B | 0.98 | (0.61-1.57) | 0.9402 |
| C vs. B | 1.41 | (0.86-2.32) | 0.1748 | |
| F1 vs. B | 0.57 | (0.3-1.06) | 0.0750 | |
| other vs. B | 1.26 | (0.76-2.09) | 0.3774 | |
| undetermined vs. B | 1.12 | (0.88-1.42) | 0.3527 | |
| GSS* | ANRS per 1 point increase | 0.72 | (0.66-0.78) | < 0.0001 |
| HIVdb per 1 point increase | 0.68 | (0.63-0.74) | < 0.0001 | |
| Rega per 1 point increase | 0.71 | (0.66-0.77) | < 0.0001 | |
