Table 1 Parameters used in the Joint Asia Diabetes Evaluation (JADE) electronic portal to derive the Care Management Level in Type 2 Diabetic Patients.

1. Clinically evident cardiovascular-renal complications

History of stroke, coronary heart disease, non-fatal heart failure, peripheral vascular disease, end stage renal disease (dialysis or eGFR <15 ml/min/1.73 m²)

2. Risk stratification parameters

Current or ex smoker

BMI ≥ 27.5 kg/m² or waist circumference ≥ 80 cm in women or ≥ 90 cm in men

Blood pressure >130/80 mmHg or treatment with anti-hypertensive drugs

LDL-C >2.5 mmol/l

TG ≥ 2.3 mmol/l &/or HDL-C <1 mmol/l

Treatment with lipid regulating drugs if LDL-C ≤ 2.5 mmol/l and TG <2.3 mmol/l and HDL-C ≥ 1.0 mmol/l

Spot morning urine for ACR >3.5 mg/mmol in women or >2.5 mg/mmol in men

Foot at risk defined by 2 of 3 of the following: sensory neuropathy, skin changes (e.g. fungal infection, dry skin) or deformities (e.g. claw feet or hallux deformities)

Retinopathy

HbA_1c ≥ 8%

3. Hong Kong Diabetes Registry Risk Scores

High sensitivity and specificity cutoff points for various clinical endpoints (stroke, coronary heart disease, end stage renal disease and heart failure)

4. Renal function

eGFR by the MDRD equation