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Table 4 Sensitivity and specificity of selected physical findings reported in a single study.

From: A systematic review of the diagnostic accuracy of physical examination for the detection of cirrhosis

FINDING

FIRST AUTHOR

SENSITIVITY

95%Cl

SPECIFICITY

95%Cl

Facial telangectasia

Hamberg

0.82

0.68–0.91

0.92

0.88–0.95

Gynaecomastia

Hamberg

0.18

0.09–0.32

0.97

0.94–0.99

Irregular liver surface

Marmo

0.52

0.46–0.58

0.93

0.87–0.97

Parotidomegaly

Schenker

0.13

0.04–0.32

1.00

0.89–1.00

Peripheral edema

Hamberg

0.24

0.14–0.39

0.91

0.87–0.94

Sharp liver edge

Zoli

0.49

0.37–0.60

0.21

0.11–0.36

Tender liver

Schenker

0.33

0.18–0.53

0.65

0.45–0.80

Testicular atrophy

Hamberg

0.18

0.09–0.32

0.97

0.94–0.99

Thick liver edge

Zoli

0.51

0.40–0.63

0.79

0.64–0.89

White nails

Hamberg

0.43

0.29–0.58

0.98

0.95–0.99