Opportunities and challenges of virtual reality-based interventions for patients with breast cancer: a systematic review

Table 4 Outcomes of VR intervention in included studies

Outcome category	Outcomes subcategories	Effect
Outcome category	Outcomes subcategories	Positive	No effect	Negative
Mental aspects	Reducing chemotherapy-related symptom distress levels	[33, 34, 37]	[35]
	Reducing fatigue	[7, 33, 34]
	Reducing anxiety	[7, 19, 20, 33, 34]
	No cybersickness	[19, 30, 31, 33, 34, 35]		[7]
	Reducing the time perception	[19, 34, 35, 36, 44]
	Reducing pain	[20, 29, 30, 38]		[37]
	Reducing depression severity	[7, 30]
	No motion sickness	[30]
	Improving knowledge about treatment	[42]
	Increase of confidence	[42]
	Increase of satisfaction	[42]
	Reducing tension	[7]
	Reducing anger	[7]
	Relaxation	[31]
	Patients experienced a more pleasant state	[31]
	Reducing fear of movement	[38]
	Reducing negative emotional arousal	[19]
	Increase in positive emotional state	[19]
Physical aspects	Strength and function metrics improved	[30, 38, 43]
	Increase of range of motion metrics	[30, 38]
	Reducing heart rate	[37]
	Reducing blood pressure	[37]
	Reducing saliva cortisol		[37]
	Improvement of lymphedema state	[43]
	Static postural control		[32]
	Dynamic postural control	[32]
	Increase of flexion and abduction	[29]
	Increase of electrical activity	[29]

ISSN: 1472-6947