Table 1 Baseline characteristics of the study patients according to the clusters (from HCPC)
From: Machine learning in a real-world PFO study: analysis of data from multi-centers in China
Total (n = 196) | Cluster 1 (n = 77) | Cluster 2 (n = 119) | P value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Age, years | 42.70(12.37) | 43.42(11.45) | 42.24(12.95) | 0.52 |
Gender, male | 127(64.80%) | 12(15.58%) | 115(96.64%) | < 0.001 |
Han destiny | 179(91.79%) | 69(90.79%) | 110(92.44%) | 0.68 |
Heart rate, bpm | 77.30(11.46) | 78.60(12.24) | 76.45(10.83) | 0.20 |
Systolic BP, mmHg | 121.83(15.64) | 117.27(16.63) | 124.78(14.28) | < 0.001 |
Diastolic BP, mmHg | 76.74(10.78) | 73.49(9.94) | 78.85(10.78) | < 0.001 |
Body mass index, kg/m2 | 23.37(3.25) | 22.25(2.91) | 24.12(3.26) | < 0.001 |
History of stroke | 120(61.22%) | 44(57.14%) | 76(63.87%) | 0.35 |
History of TIA | 84(42.86%) | 36(46.75%) | 48(40.34%) | 0.38 |
History of migraine | 27(13.78%) | 14(18.18%) | 13(10.92%) | 0.15 |
Laboratory data | ||||
Red blood cell, 10*12/L | 4.58(0.68) | 4.16(0.52) | 4.86(0.63) | < 0.001 |
Hemoglobin, g/dl | 132.92(18.96) | 116.57(15.09) | 143.50(12.66) | < 0.001 |
HCT, L/L | 40.16(5.09) | 35.96(4.21) | 42.88(3.52) | < 0.001 |
APTT, s | 35.02(5.70) | 34.73(6.24) | 35.22(5.32) | 0.56 |
PT, s | 13.21(2.82) | 13.18(2.97) | 13.22(2.73) | 0.91 |
PTA%, % | 71.80(42.27) | 65.47(43.75) | 76.21(40.85) | 0.11 |
Fibrin, mg/dl | 3.11(2.06) | 3.25(2.36) | 3.02(1.82) | 0.44 |
AST, U/L | 23.12(10.33) | 20.58(9.58) | 24.75(10.52) | 0.006 |
ALT, U/L | 27.90(22.14) | 19.06(13.06) | 33.67(24.84) | < 0.001 |
Albumin, g/dl | 40.77(4.70) | 39.91(5.90) | 41.31(3.69) | 0.04 |
Creatinine, umol/L | 69.62(15.39) | 58.81(9.91) | 76.58(14.24) | < 0.001 |
BUN, mmol/L | 4.95(2.73) | 5.16(4.10) | 4.81(1.20) | 0.37 |
Uric acid, umol/L | 363.32(96.93) | 289.75(64.70) | 408.80(84.97) | < 0.001 |
Fasting blood glucose, mg/dL | 5.04(1.25) | 5.03(1.18) | 5.05(1.30) | 0.94 |
Triglycerides, mg/dL | 1.39(0.88) | 1.29(1.02) | 1.45(0.77) | 0.26 |
Total cholesterol, mg/dL | 4.09(1.13) | 4.27(1.20) | 3.98(1.08) | 0.11 |
LDL-C, mg/dL | 2.38(0.84) | 2.39(0.83) | 2.38(0.85) | > 0.99 |
HDL-C, mg/dL | 1.21(0.56) | 1.46(0.77) | 1.05(0.26) | < 0.001 |
Echocardiographic data | ||||
Presence of atrial septal aneurysm | 17(9.66%) | 2(2.99%) | 15(13.76%) | 0.02 |
LA, mm | 32.15(4.08) | 30.77(3.73) | 33.03(4.06) | < 0.001 |
LVEDD, mm | 45.52(3.65) | 43.79(3.40) | 46.62(3.38) | < 0.001 |
LVESD, mm | 29.47(4.08) | 28.97(4.22) | 29.81(3.97) | 0.18 |
IVS, mm | 9.44(1.51) | 8.67(1.21) | 9.94(1.48) | < 0.001 |
PW, mm | 9.23(1.25) | 8.60(1.13) | 9.63(1.16) | < 0.001 |
LVEF, % | 65.87(5.49) | 65.90(5.31) | 65.87(5.49) | 0.97 |
MVE/MVA | 1.12(0.34) | 1.13(0.35) | 1.12(0.34) | 0.83 |
RVEDD, mm | 29.28(10.53) | 29.36(10.23) | 29.22(10.77) | 0.94 |