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Table 2 Baseline characteristics of CRT Responders and Non-Responders

From: Interpretable machine learning predicts cardiac resynchronization therapy responses from personalized biochemical and biomechanical features

Feature Name

All

(n = 794)

CRT Non-Responder (n = 396)

CRT Responder (n = 398)

Continuous Variables, unit

Age, year

65.8 ± 10.8

65.6 ± 10.7

66.1 ± 10.9

Height, cm

171.4 ± 10.4

171.6 ± 10.0

171.3 ± 10.7

Weight, kg

87.4 ± 20.8

88.2 ± 20.6

86.6 ± 20.9

BPSys, mm Hg

123.9 ± 20.3

123.2 ± 19.4

124.6 ± 21.0

BPDia, mm Hg

71.4 ± 13.4

71.3 ± 13.5

71.5 ± 13.3

HRrest, bpm

71.1 ± 12.3

70.9 ± 12.7

71.3 ± 11.0

QOL Score

46.6 ± 24.9

50.0 ± 25.8

43.3 ± 23.5

6 MW, m

273.4 ± 124.6

262.3 ± 133.1

284.5 ± 114.6

LVEDV, mL

176.7 ± 72.1

162.9 ± 66.9

190.5 ± 74.5

LVESV, mL

131.6 ± 65.6

118.0 ± 60.0

145.1 ± 68.2

LVEF, %

27.7 ± 8.8

29.7 ± 9.3

25.6 ± 7.8

SV, mL

45.1 ± 14.1

44.9 ± 14.6

45.3 ± 13.6

EDV/ESV Ratio

1.4 ± 0.2

1.5 ± 0.2

1.4 ± 0.2

1D Stretch

1.1 ± 0.0

1.1 ± 0.1

1.1 ± 0.0

AV Interval (Without Atrial Pacing), ms

252.5 ± 69.1

252.7 ± 70.6

252.2 ± 67.6

PR Interval (Without Atrial Pacing), ms

197.2 ± 49.8

200.2 ± 51.3

194.2 ± 48.3

QRS Width (Without Atrial Pacing), ms

153.6 ± 27.3

150.6 ± 26.7

156.7 ± 27.6

Iterative AV Delay (Recommended), ms

127.7 ± 38.2

131 ± 36.3

123.4 ± 39.6

Paced AV Delay (Recommended), ms

174.9 ± 39

181.2 ± 41.2

168.6 ± 37.7

Sensed AV Delay (Recommended), ms

127.1 ± 37.3

132.4 ± 39

121.8 ± 34.9

Biomarker CRT Score (0,1,2,3,4)

1.7 ± 1.2

2 ± 1.1

1.4 ± 1.1

Binary Categorical Variables, n (%)

Sex (Male)

565 (67.4%)

281 (71%)

254 (63.8%)

Atrial Fibrillation (Afib)

99 (12.5%)

57 (14.4%)

42 (10.6%)

PAF

97 (12.2%)

56 (14.1%)

41 (10.3%)

Atrial Flutter

10 (1.3%)

9 (2.3%)

1 (0.3%)

Renal Disease

117 (14.7%)

63 (15.9%)

54 (13.6%)

COPD

115 (14.5%)

64 (16.2%))

51 (12.8%)

PVC

13 (1.6%)

8 (19.7%)

5 (1.3%)

AT-PSVT

12 (1.5%)

8 (2%)

4 (1%)

LBBB

611 (77%)

272 (68.7%)

339 (85.2%)

RBBB

103 (13%)

78 (19.7%)

25 (6.3%)

Ischemic Cardiomyopathy

445 (56%)

271 (68.4%)

174 (43.7%)

SA Surgery

93 (11.7%)

58 (14.6%)

35 (8.8%)

CABG

257 (32.4%)

163 (41.2%)

94 (23.6%)

PCI

248 (31.2%)

155 (39.1%)

93 (23.4%)

Diuretic

637 (80.2%)

316 (79.8%)

321 (80.7%)

ACE-ARB

674 (84.9%)

325 (82.1%)

349 (87.7%)

Digoxin

176 (22.2%)

96 (24.2%)

80 (20.1%)

Small Centersize

176 (22.2%)

86 (21.7%

90 (22.6%)

Sick Sinus

53 (6.7%)

24 (6.1%)

29 (7.3%)

VT None

654 (82.4%)

311 (78.5%)

343 (86.2%)

VT Non-Sustained

95 (12%)

51 (12.9%)

44 (11.1%)

VT SVT

3 (0.4%)

2 (0.5%)

1 (0.3%)

Echo Optimized AV Delay Group

261 (32.9%)

128 (32.3%)

133 (33.4%)

Fixed AV Delay Group

262 (33.0%)

139 (35.1%)

123 (30.9%)