Table 1 Chronology of adoption: diagnosis timing indicators

1976

Canada

Diagnosis type

ICD-9-CM and ICD-10-CA

In Canada, the indicator is a single-digit numerical code.:“M” for most responsible diagnosis/main condition;. .

“Type (1)” for a condition that existed pre-admission, comorbid conditions that were active and notable during a stay; “Type 2” for a condition that has arisen after admission; “Type (3)” for a condition for which a patient may or may not have received treatment, but which is a comorbidity; and “Type (4)” for a morphology code

1992

Victoria, Australia

Vic Prefix

ICD-9-CM and ICD-10-AM

“P” for a primary diagnosis for which the patient received treatment or investigation; “A” for an associated condition that may have been the underlying disease for the condition being treated; “C” for a condition that was not present at the time of admission; and “M” for a morphology code

1994

California, USA

Condition Present on Admission Modifier

ICD-9-CM

The POA field, one for each diagnosis field, could take on one of three values: “1” for a diagnosis that was present on admission to hospital; “2” for a diagnosis not present at admission, and a state-specific value for “uncertain or unknown.”

1996

New York, USA

ICD-9-CM

2002

Wisconsin, USA

ICD-9-CM

2006

Australia

Diagnosis Onset Type

ICD-10-AM

“1” for primary condition; “2” for post-admit condition; and “9” for unknown or uncertain

2007

USA

Present on Admission

ICD-10-CM

“Y” for present on admission; “N” for not present on admission; “U” for insufficient information; “W” for clinically undetermined; and “1” for exempt from POA

2008

Australia

Condition Onset Flag

ICD-10-AM

“1” for condition with onset during the episode of admitted patient care; “2” for condition not noted as arising during the episode of admitted patient care; and “9” for not reported