Fig. 5

HSROC curve with 95% confidence region and prediction region. A All single-unit ML algorithms with AUC of 0.87. B CKD subgroup with AUC of 0.82. C IgAN subgroup with AUC of 0.78. D Sensitivity analysis after eliminating outliers and data with small sample sizes with AUC of 0.83. Each circle represents a single-unit ML algorithm. The curve represents the summary receiver operating characteristic curve for all single-unit ML algorithm. The red square represents the summary estimate of test performance. The zone outlines represent the 95% confidence and 95% prediction regions of the summary estimate, respectively