Development of a machine learning model to predict mild cognitive impairment using natural language processing in the absence of screening

Penfold, Robert B.; Carrell, David S.; Cronkite, David J.; Pabiniak, Chester; Dodd, Tammy; Glass, Ashley MH; Johnson, Eric; Thompson, Ella; Arrighi, H. Michael; Stang, Paul E.

doi:10.1186/s12911-022-01864-z

BMC Medical Informatics and Decision Making

Table 1 Concepts associated with mild cognitive impairment

From: Development of a machine learning model to predict mild cognitive impairment using natural language processing in the absence of screening

Variable	Description	ACT count	Gen. Pop. Pop. count
S_EXCL	References to stroke (used to exclude patients from analysis)	351,995	21,423
WITHX	Patient accompanied by family member	212,669	14,603
RESPONS	Responsibility being assumed by family member	123,834	19,895
NEGATE	Atenolol, hypercalcemia, statins, and “remember to take” boilerplate language	122,559	8703
HALLUC	Hallucination issues	75,042	6515
HEADACHE	Headache/concern for stroke or brain injury	67,955	5550
W_EXCL	Traumatic brain injury, dehydration, etc. (used to exclude patients from analysis)	49,853	3091
DECLINE	Declining memory/cognitive abilities	49,522	13,559
WANDER	Wandering, getting lost, or unable to recognize	42,677	1821
CALLED	Reference to communication going through family member	36,073	3140
FORGET	Forget/can't remember	28,412	3310
DONEPEZIL	Donepezil, Aricept discussed (e.g., regarding what the medications can do)	18,910	821
CONCERN	Family showing concern for patient	15,576	3568
FORGETFL	Forgetful	11,146	1372
EXAM	Cognitive evaluation	10,828	6027
OTHER_SA	Communication goes through family members	5474	562
S_HALLUC	Strong hallucination concern	4791	294
ICD_EXCL	Dementia ICD diagnosis code appearing in text	3622	60
DEMENTIA	Severe dementia noted	2426	85
REFERAL	Referral for cognitive assessment	1653	659
COMPREHE	Poor understanding/comprehension	1606	184
W_DECLIN	Decline in word finding, vocabulary, explaining, etc	1548	148
CONCENTR	Difficulty concentrating	1363	545
EARLY	Early dementia	1204	344
DECLINE_	Communication/call concerning memory decline	1127	87
FORGETX	Forget [something] e.g., keys	978	115
S_CONCER	Worsening or strong concern for dementia	861	237
PLAN	Related care plan to family member	829	47
HAL_EXCL	Hallucination issues resolved	742	79
BOI_INCL	Boilerplate text describing memory problems not necessarily specific to the patient	559	141
OTH_EXCL	Headache/memory complaint relating to non-patient	409	22
RISK	Risk of dementia	379	139
W_CONCER	Concern for word finding, vocabulary, explaining, etc	377	26
ICD_INCL	MCI ICD diagnosis code appearing in text but not in structured data	255	82
DENIAL	Patient denies problem with memory or functioning	204	6
EXM_EXCL	Normal cognitive exam	137	203
STIMULANT	Stimulant medications (modafinil, Provigil, etc.)	113	37
SENILE	Not thinking well/not lucid	73	0
BURDEN	Burden on family member	58	15
BOOK	Names of relevant books, including 36-h Day, Dignified Life, and Ageless Outings	41	1
EXCLUDE	Words referencing forgetfulness excluded because of ambiguity concerns	3	7
WELLNESS	Wellness check	0	0

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ISSN: 1472-6947

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