Table 1 Characteristics of the patient cohort
Patient characteristics | Pediatric patients (< = 18 years of age) N = 2792 | Adult patients (> = 19 years of age) N = 39,417 | Standardized difference |
|---|---|---|---|
Age (Mean, SD) | 8.26 (6.25) | 61.0 (14.1) | 4.822* |
Sex (N, %) | |||
Male | 1433 (51.3%) | 18,452 (46.8%) | 0.090 |
Female | 1359 (48.7%) | 20,965 (53.2%) | |
Race (N, %) | |||
Non-Hispanic white | 1555 (55.7%) | 29,219 (74.1%) | 0.501* |
Non-Hispanic black | 615 (22.0%) | 7662 (19.4%) | |
Hispanic | 265 (9.5%) | 728 (1.8%) | |
Other | 357 (12.8%) | 1808 (4.6%) | |
Height (Mean, SD) | 48.1 (15.8) | 66.9 (4.15) | 1.626* |
Weight (Mean, SD) | 1260 (1010) | 3110 (809) | 2.021* |
BMI (N, %) | |||
Underweight | 1417 (50.8%) | 366 (0.9%) | 1.973* |
Normal | 981 (35.1%) | 8377 (21.3%) | |
Overweight | 176 (6.3%) | 12,639 (32.1%) | |
Obese | 188 (6.7%) | 18,013 (45.7%) | |
None | 30 (1.1%) | 22 (0.1%) | |
Previous healthcare utilization (Mean, SD) | |||
Hospital encounters | 0.602 (1.49) | 0.276 (0.749) | 0.277* |
Ambulatory encounters | 13.9 (15.8) | 17.2 (18.8) | 0.192* |
Emergency department encounters | 0.219 (1.92) | 0.204 (0.970) | 0.009 |
Comorbidities (Top 15: N, %) | |||
Cardiovascular disease | 870 (31.2%) | 23,713 (60.2%) | 0.609* |
Psychiatric disease | 614 (22.0%) | 19,117 (48.5%) | 0.578* |
Hypertension | 152 (5.4%) | 17,722 (45.0%) | 1.022* |
Diabetes | 20 (0.7%) | 2973 (17.7%) | 0.614* |
Atherosclerotic CVD | 2 (0.1%) | 5133 (13.0%) | 0.542* |
Coronary artery disease | 1 (0.0%) | 4589 (11.6%) | 0.511* |
COPD | 13 (0.5%) | 2764 (7.0%) | 0.350* |
AFIB | 0 (0.0%) | 2405 (6.1%) | 0.360* |
Congestive heart failure | 16 (0.6%) | 1551 (3.9%) | 0.228* |
Peripheral vascular disease | 12 (0.4%) | 1511 (3.8%) | 0.237* |
Diabetic renal | 3 (0.1%) | 1375 (3.5%) | 0.257* |
CVA/TIA | 56 (2.0%) | 963 (2.4%) | 0.030 |
Liver disease | 9 (0.3%) | 938 (2.4%) | 0.179* |
Pulmonary hypertension | 54 (1.9%) | 692 (1.8%) | 0.013 |
End-stage renal disease | 13 (0.5%) | 496 (1.3%) | 0.086 |
Concurrent medications (Top 15: N, %) | |||
Statins | 3 (0.1%) | 14,408 (36.6%) | 1.068* |
Antiplatelet | 139 (5.0%) | 13,383 (34.0%) | 0.786* |
Opioid | 128 (4.6%) | 11,768 (29.9%) | 0.710* |
Diuretics | 175 (6.3%) | 11,116 (28.2%) | 0.607* |
Hypertension medication | 126 (4.5%) | 10,394 (26.4%) | 0.635* |
Beta blocker | 46 (1.6%) | 9757 (24.8%) | 0.726* |
Anti-arrhythmic | 39 (1.4%) | 8577 (21.8%) | 0.671* |
ACE inhibitor | 65 (2.3%) | 7935 (20.1%) | 0.588* |
Calcium channel blocker | 47 (1.7%) | 7822 (19.8%) | 0.613* |
Angiotensin receptor blocker | 14 (0.5%) | 6320 (16.0%) | 0.588* |
Anticoagulant | 32 (1.1%) | 2976 (7.6%) | 0.318* |
Insulin | 8 (0.3%) | 2859 (7.3%) | 0.372* |
Oral diabetic | 0 (0.0%) | 2592 (6.6%) | 0.375* |
Nitrates | 0 (0.0%) | 2031 (5.2%) | 0.330* |
Digoxin | 31 (1.1%) | 122 (0.3%) | 0.095 |