Table 2 The different visualization methods and the visualization objectives

Wang et al. [24]

Exploration of «visual» clusters

t-SNE with focus on manually-selected areas

Shah et al. [31]

Synthesis of patients' medical history + soft validation of clusters, hence embeddings

ad hoc chronology of symptoms and diseases, organized visually based on embeddings’ cluster assignments

Beaulieu et al. [32]

Illustration of the embeddings’ consistency with the ICD-9 hierarchy

Plot of 2-d embeddings and Hierarchy Tree [44]

Dynomant et al. [33]

Exploration of « visual» clusters presented as an evaluation of the embeddings

t-SNE with focus on manually-selected areas

De Freitas et al. [22]

Illustration of the embeddings and of some identified disease phenotypes

UMAP with highlight of neighborhoods around selected diagnostic codes

Chen et al. [34]

Illustration of the embeddings and some relations between terms used as part of the evaluation tasks

PCA with highlight of selected words, some with their neighborhoods (used for word-retrieval evaluation)

El-Assady et al. [37]

Topic models’ exploration & user feedback gathering (part of the modeling process)

ad hoc t-SNE-based visualization of topics and related words grouped into concepts + interactive system to gather feedback and trigger model evolutions