Open codes | Common concept |
---|---|
Mainly focusing on EHRs, downtime issues, EHR-based exchange, not compatible EHRs, lack of standards, reliability of EHR systems, interoperability issues of uncertified EHRs | EHR-focused exchange |
Centralization, central ownership, centralized authority, managed by a middleman | Centralized mechanism |
lack of patient-provider interactions, lack of support for care coordination, delays in care delivery | Care coordination |
Not transparent, fuzzy purposes of sharing, unclear permission process, lack of visibility of sharing process, ambiguous ownership transfer | Transparency of sharing mechanisms |
Privacy concerns, security issues, data breach, a single point of failure, technical security measures | Privacy and security |
Data are outdated in HIE databases, unavailability of patient data, incomplete or inaccurate patient information is stored in shared records, lack of real-time access to patient data, data inconsistency, duplicate data | Data quality |
Trust issues, trust in recipients, trust-based systems, trust in networks | Trust |
Data can be altered, medical records can be manipulated, information can be removed by any entities participating in HIE initiatives | Mutability |