Table 9 Illustrative examples of publications not utilising supplemental techniques

Williams et al. [38]

Le et al. [39]

Methodological focus. [38] evaluates different methodologies for dealing with incorrect sequencing in recorded data. [39] demonstrates a method for adding noise to records for analysis to enhance privacy

Prodel et al. [40]

Methodological focus, preliminary to further research, with discussion of clinical relevance of derived pathways. Methodology claims to reconstruct patient pathways from recorded data with optimal information content and improved computational efficiency; complication, readmission, and mortality data derived for different pathways; derived pathways and outcomes intended to be translated into formalisms suitable for direct use in simulation

Uragaki et al. [41]

Williams et al. [42]

Mans et al. [43]

Partington et al. [44]

Enhancing data used for comparison against derived care pathways. Derived pathways are compared against expert consensus in [41], identifying substantial variation for non-pharmacological interventions. [42] considers prescribing practice and adverse events with regard to specific guidelines. [43, 44] compare derived pathways at multiple different sites, identifying or confirming variations in clinical practice

Baker et al. [19]

Enhancing data incorporated into the process model. Comprehensive Markov model developed from clinical records, providing detailed picture of frequency and context of complications. Explicitly intended to be similar to model used in health economics, facilitating future health technology assessment