The effect of a smartphone application on women’s performance and health beliefs about breast self-examination: a quasi-experimental study

Table 1 Distribution of the demographic variables, basic health information, and BSE information in the intervention and control groups

Group variable	Control (n = 75)		Intervention (n = 65)		Total		P-value*
Group variable	Number	Percent	Number	Percent	Number	Percent	P-value*
Age (years)
18–30	17	22.7	22	33.8	39	27.9	0.336
31–50	48	64	36	55.4	84	60
51–60	10	13.3	7	10.8	17	12.1
Education level
Below diploma	17	22.7	8	12.3	25	17.9
Diploma	16	21.3	15	23.1	31	22.1
Associate degree	9	12	9	13.8	18	12.9
Bachelor's and higher degrees	33	44	33	50.8	66	47.1	0.463
Marital status
Married	65	86.7	48	73.8	113	80.7	0.055
Single	10	9.7	17	26.2	27	19.3	0.055
Household's average monthly income
> 20 million Iranian Rials	18	24	13	20	31	22.1
> 20 million Iranian Rials	18	24	13	20	31	22.1	0.57
≤ 20 million Iranian Rials	57	76	52	80	109	77.9
Information about breast cancer
Very low	15	20	14	21.5	29	20.7	0.926
Low	23	30.7	22	33.8	45	32.1
Moderate	32	42.7	26	40	58	41.4
High	5	6.7	3	4.6	8	5.7
Source of information about breast cancer
Studying	16	21.3	18	27.7	34	24.3
Mass media	34	45.3	25	38.5	59	42.1
Health staff and scientific meetings	13	17.3	14	21.5	27	19.3
Information exchange with acquaintances	12	16	8	10.3	20	14.3	0.655
BSE performance
Regularly	1	1.3	0	0	1	0.7
Sometimes	36	48	39	60	75	53.6
Never	38	50.7	26	40	64	45.7	0.263
History of medical breast examination
Yes	22	29.3	21	32.3	43	30.7
No	53	70.7	44	67.7	97	69.3
History of mammography
Yes	13	17.3	7	10.8	20	14.3	0.704
No	62	82.7	58	89.2	120	85.7	0.704
Family history of breast cancer
Mother	0	0	2	3.1	2	1.4
Sister	3	4	0	0	3	2.1
Mother's mother	1	1.3	0	0	1	0.7
Mother's sister	1	1.3	1	1.5	2	1.4
Others	12	16	9	13.8	21	15	0.268
No family history	58	77.3	53	81.5	111	79.3

*Chi-square test
Table shows that the two groups were homogeneous in terms of demographic variables, including age, education level, marital status, and income as well as information about breast cancer, source of the information, BSE performance, history of medical breast examination, or mammography, and family history of breast cancer

ISSN: 1472-6947