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Table 4 Results of non-parametric median test comparing user perceptions by version tested

From: Key changes to improve social presence of a virtual health assistant promoting colorectal cancer screening informed by a technology acceptance model

Parameter

Median (Q1, Q2)

Statistics

N

Version 1

Version 2

Version 3

H (a)

P value

The virtual human looked like a doctor

2 (2,4)

2.5 (1.3,4)

2 (2,2.5)

2.057

0.358

39

There was too much inconsistency in this application

4 (4,4)

4 (1.75, 4)

4 (4,5)

4.150

0.126

39

The application was easy to use

2 (1,2)

1.5 (1,2)

2 (1,2)

1.660

0.435

39

The virtual human looked very realistic

2 (2,4)

3 (2,4)

2 (2,3)

0.503

0.778

33

The virtual human had a pleasing voice

2 (2,2)

2 (2,2)

2 (1,2)

3.097

0.213

32

The virtual human's gestures distracted me as I tried to listen (reverse scored)

2 (1,2)

3.5 (2,4)

2 (1.5,2)

12.102

0.002*

40

The virtual human's gestures distracted me as I tried to listen

4 (4,5)

2.5 (2,4)

4 (4,4.5)

0.623

0.732

40

The virtual human looked trustworthy

2 (2,3)

2 (2,3)

2 (2,2)

2.665

0.264

41

The virtual human looked like an expert

3 (2,3)

3 (2,3)

2 (1.5,2)

6.078

0.048*

39

  1. *Statistical difference detected between groups (p < .05) with sig. values adjusted by Bonferroni for multiple tests; (a) the test statistic adjusted for ties. 1 = strongly agree and 5 = strongly disagree