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Table 1 Number of garbage-coded deaths (and percentage of all garbage-coded deaths) by ICD revision and method of determining redistribution parameters for cause of death data from 1980 to 2019

From: Public health utility of cause of death data: applying empirical algorithms to improve data quality

Method

ICD-9

ICD-10

Total

Multiple cause

18,266,079

(35.1%)

35,096,700

(30.8%)

53,362,779

(32.2%)

Negative correlation

11,711,386

(22.5%)

34,410,369

(30.2%)

46,121,755

(27.8%)

Impairment

209,513

(0.4%)

449,294

(0.4%)

658,807

(0.4%)

Proportional redistribution

21,796,259

(41.9%)

43,851,463

(38.5%)

65,647,722

(39.6%)