Table 1. Characteristics of patients in development set

Demographics

 Age, mean (SD), years

66.56 (13.42)

71.53 (11.87)

59.48 (12.28)

< .0001

 Age, no. (%) years

< .0001

  40–55

12474 (23.3%)

3287 (10.4%)

9187 (41.6%)

  56–66

13676 (25.5%)

6949 (22.1%)

6727 (30.5%)

  67–77

14822 (27.7%)

10630 (33.8%)

4192 (19.0%)

  > 77

12580 (23.5%)

10608 (33.7%)

1972 (8.9%)

 Sex

< .0001

  Female

29044 (54.2%)

15561 (49.4%)

13483 (61.1%)

  Male

24507 (45.8%)

15913 (50.6%)

8594 (38.9%)

 Race, no. (%)

< .0001

  White

41493 (77.5%)

24636 (78.3%)

16857 (76.4%)

  Black

3225 (6.0%)

1690 (5.4%)

1535 (7.0%)

  Other

8834 (16.5%)

5148 (16.4%)

3686 (16.7%)

 Ethnicity, no. (%)

< .0001

  Not Hispanic or Latino

37219 (69.5%)

22681 (72.1%)

14538 (65.8%)

  Hispanic or Latino

828 (1.5%)

402 (1.3%)

426 (1.9%)

  Unknown

15505 (29.0%)

8391 (26.7%)

7114 (32.2%)

 Insurance type, No. (%)

< .0001

  Commercial

28416 (53.1%)

16115 (51.2%)

12301 (55.7%)

  Medicaid

7324 (13.7%)

4289 (13.6%)

3035 (13.7%)

  Medicare

11141 (20.8%)

8432 (26.8%)

2709 (12.3%)

  Other/Unknown

6671 (12.5%)

2638 (8.4%)

4033 (18.3%)

Additional diagnoses and laboratory variables included in final model

 Acute heart disease^a, no. (%)

9782 (18.3%)

7874 (25.0%)

1908 (8.6%)

< .0001

 Albumin < 3.5, no. (%), g/dL

4110 (7.7%)

3264 (10.4%)

846 (3.8%)

< .0001

 Body mass index, no. (%), kg/m²

< .0001

  Missing

33926 (63.4%)

18468 (58.7%)

15458 (70.0%)

  Normal weight: 18.5–24.9

4008 (7.5%)

2684 (8.5%)

1324 (6.0%)

  Obese: ≥ 30

9258 (17.3%)

6139 (19.5%)

3119 (14.1%)

  Overweight: 25–29.9

6013 (11.2%)

3926 (12.5%)

2087 (9.5%)

  Underweight: < 18.5

347 (0.6%)

257 (0.8%)

90 (0.4%)

 COPD, no. (%)

7891 (14.7%)

5909 (18.8%)

1982 (9.0%)

 < . 0001

 Kidney disease^b, no. (%)

4783 (8.9%)

4060 (12.9%)

723 (3.3%)

< .0001

 Shock, no. (%)

3365 (6.3%)

2593 (8.2%)

772 (3.5%)