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Fig. 6 | BMC Medical Informatics and Decision Making

Fig. 6

From: Can statistical adjustment guided by causal inference improve the accuracy of effect estimation? A simulation and empirical research based on meta-analyses of case–control studies

Fig. 6

Funnel plot of an empirical meta-analysis on passive smoking and breast cancer [18]. The blue dashed lines were based on all studies included in the meta-analysis. SE, standard error; OR, odds ratio. Compared with underestimated or overestimated results that might expose to publication bias, original ORs in primary analysis were symmetrically scattered around the dashed vertical line with relatively small standard errors

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BMC Medical Informatics and Decision Making

ISSN: 1472-6947

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