|
Mean age, years (range)
|
56.5 (22–80)
|
56.9 (22–75)
|
55 (41–80)
|
|
Gender, n (%)
|
|
Male
|
12 (31.6)
|
9 (30.0)
|
3 (37.5)
|
|
Female
|
26 (68.4)
|
21 (70.0)
|
5 (62.5)
|
|
Race, n (%)
|
|
White/Caucasian
|
32 (84.2)
|
25 (83.3)
|
7 (87.5)
|
|
Black or African American
|
2 (5.3)
|
2 (6.7)
|
0
|
|
Latino or Hispanic
|
2 (5.3)
|
1 (3.3)
|
1 (12.5)
|
|
Native American or Alaska Native
|
2 (5.3)
|
2 (6.7)
|
0
|
|
Other
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
|
Education, n (%)
|
|
High school graduate or GED
|
6 (15.8)
|
5 (16.7)
|
1 (12.5)
|
|
Some college or 2-year college or technical school
|
10 (26.3)
|
7 (23.3)
|
3 (37.5)
|
|
4-year college graduate
|
10 (26.3)
|
7 (23.3)
|
3 (37.5)
|
|
More than 4-year college degree
|
12 (31.6)
|
11 (36.7)
|
1 (12.5)
|
|
Primary cause of chronic pain (%)
|
|
Back pain
|
14 (36.8)
|
13 (43.3)
|
1 (12.5)
|
|
Fibromyalgia
|
6 (15.8)
|
4 (13.3)
|
2 (25.0)
|
|
Neck pain
|
4 (10.5)
|
4 (13,3)
|
0
|
|
Nerve pain
|
4 (10.5)
|
3 (10.0)
|
1 (12.5)
|
|
Other musculo-skeletal
|
8 (21.1)
|
5 (16.7)
|
3 (37.5)
|
|
Complex Regional Pain Syndrome
|
1 (2.6)
|
0
|
1 (12.5)
|
|
Other
|
1 (2.6)
|
1 (3.3)
|
0
|
|
Years with chronic pain, Mean (SD; range)
|
17.53 (12.13; 2–50)
|
17.45 (13.0; 2–50)
|
16.13 (8.2; 8–30
|
|
Past alcohol or drug problem, n (%)
|
6 (15.8)
|
5 (16.7)
|
1 (12.5)
|
|
Current daily tobacco use
|
8 (21.1)
|
7 (23.3)
|
1 (12.5)
|
|
Use of opioid medications, n (%)
|
|
Yes, currently
|
17 (44.7)
|
13 (43.3)
|
4 (50.0)
|
|
Yes, in past but not now
|
12 (31.6)
|
10 (33.3)
|
2 (25.0)
|
|
No
|
9 (23.7)
|
7 (23.3)
|
2 (25.0)
|
|
Overall health (self-reported)
|
|
Excellent
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
|
Very good
|
11 (9.0)
|
9 (30.0)
|
2 (25.0)
|
|
Good
|
15 (39.5)
|
12 (40.0)
|
3 (37.5)
|
|
Fair
|
12 (31.6)
|
9 (30.0)
|
3 (37.5)
|
|
Poor
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
|
Overall mental or emotional health (self-reported)
|
|
Excellent
|
4 (10.5)
|
4 (13.3)
|
0
|
|
Very good
|
9 (23.7)
|
6 (20.0)
|
3 (37.5)
|
|
Good
|
13 (34.2)
|
13 (43.3)
|
0
|
|
Fair
|
8 (21.1)
|
5 (16.7)
|
3 (37.5)
|
|
Poor
|
4 (10.5)
|
2 (6.7)
|
2 (25.0)
|
