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Table 1 Types of interactions considered for representation

From: A realism-based approach to an ontological representation of symbiotic interactions

Interaction

Outcomes

Level of Intimacy

mutualism

+/+

Varies

commensalism

+/0

Varies

agonism

+/−

Varies

amensalism

−/0

Varies

antagonism

−/−

Varies

parasitism

+/−

High

parasitoidism

+/−

High

predation

+/−

Low

grazing

+/−

Low

  1. Legend: ‘+’ = benefit; ‘-‘= harm; ‘0’ = neutral