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Table 4 Healthcare managers’ actions related to technostress, explored using critical incident technique

From: Healthcare managers’ experiences of technostress and the actions they take to handle it – a critical incident analysis

Main areas

Categories

Subcategory (number of actions)

Culture, norms and social support

Good email culture

Efficient digital communication management (12 actions)

  

Meetings instead of emails (8 actions)

  

Communication about digital communication with co-workers (15 actions)

 

Co-worker support

Situation-based co-worker support (8 actions)

  

Reliance on co-worker’s digital literacy (7 actions)

  

Supporting each other during system failure (5 actions)

Individual resources

Individual strategies

Routine and structure (16 actions)

  

Flexible in replying to digital communication (13 actions)

  

Using digital solutions (8 actions)

  

Using separate digital device for work and private life (6 actions)

 

Individual competence

Digital literacy (10 actions)

  

Learning by doing (14 actions)

  

Preparation (12 actions)

  

Improvisation (9 actions)

  

Confident attitude (7 actions)

Organisational resources

Support and assistance

Good IT support (18 actions)

  

Back-up routines (8 actions)

  

Administrative support (20 actions)