Table 3 Healthcare managers’ experiences of technostress, explored by critical incident technique
Main areas | Categories | Subcategory (number of incidents) |
|---|---|---|
Negative aspects of Digital communication | High workload | High number of digital messages (39 incidents) |
Redundant digital messages (18 incidents) | ||
Demands for rapid replies to digital messages (13 incidents) | ||
Invasion of private life | Limitless digital communication management (11 incidents) | |
Distressing messages after working hours (5 incidents) | ||
Negative feelings | Fear of missed information in the inbox (11 incidents) | |
Misunderstandings or frustration in digital communication (6 incidents) | ||
Poor user experience | Time consuming ICT systems | Illogical ICT systems (15 incidents) |
Sequence-ordered ICT systems (5 incidents) | ||
Login frustration (12 incidents) | ||
Slow response time of ICT (6 incidents) | ||
Malfunctioning/disturbing ICT systems | Technical struggle (22 incidents) | |
Disturbances from notifications (12 incidents) | ||
Updates that require action (8 incidents) | ||
Needs to improve organisational resources | Facilitating digital literacy | Lack of general digital literacy (10 incidents) |
Lack of literacy in ICT systems used irregularly (9 incidents) | ||
Need for practical training in ICT (14 incidents) | ||
Facilitating user influence | Need for increased user influence (12 incidents) | |
Need for increased terminology fit between ICT systems and healthcare (10 incidents) | ||
Need for increased use of new digital solutions (7 incidents) | ||
Redistribution of work and ICT systems | Need for increased administrative support (17 incidents) | |
Need for redistribution of ICT systems (12 incidents) | ||
Need for strengthened back-up routines for system breakdowns (5 incidents) |