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Table 1 Characteristics of the included studies

From: RETRACTED ARTICLE: Meta-analysis of contrast-enhanced ultrasound and contrast-enhanced harmonic endoscopic ultrasound for the diagnosis of gallbladder malignancy

Author

Year

Region

Study design

Patients

Age

Male/Female

Standard reference

Contrast Agent

MI

Imaging modality

Chen

2017

China

Retrospective

72

64 ± 11

22/11

Pathological results

SonoVue

< 0.1

CEUS

Choi

2013

Korea

Retrospective

90

52.7 (35–83)

NA

Pathological results

SonoVue

NA

CH-EUS

Hirooka

1998

Japan

Retrospective

38

NA

NA

Histological results

Albunex

NA

CH-EUS

Imazu

2014

Japan

Retrospective

36

63.9 ± 10.3

NA

Histological results

Sonazoid

0.25–0.3

CH-EUS

Inoue

2007

Japan

Retrospective

90

67 (51–84)

55/35

Histological results

Levovist

NA

CEUS

Kamata

2017

Japan

Retrospective

125

61 (19–82)

67/58

Histological results

Sonazoid

0.3

CH-EUS

Leem

2018

Korea

Retrospective

145

55.4 ± 15.2

58/87

Histological results

SonoVue

0.2

CH-EUS

Liu

2012

China

Prospective

192

52 (15)

83/109

Pathological results

SonoVue

0.05–0.20

CEUS

Liu

2015

China

Prospective

83

50.29 ± 13.16

37/46

Histological results

SonoVue

0.06

CEUS

Miwa

2018

Japan

Retrospective

36

65.7 ± 12.6

17/19

Pathological results

Sonazoid

0.8–1.2

CEUS

Numata

2007

Japan

Retrospective

33

62 (26–87)

20/13

Histological results

Levovist

1.0–1.6

CEUS

Serra

2018

Italy

Retrospective

39

NA

NA

Pathological results

SonoVue

NA

CEUS

Sugimoto

2016

Japan

Retrospective

24

61.8 ± 15.1

8/16

Pathological results

Sonazoid

NA

CH-EUS

Sun

2015

China

Retrospective

34

54.7 ± 18.8

16/18

Histopathological results

SonoVue

< 0.2

CEUS

Xie

2010

China

Retrospective

80

54.6 ± 13.1

37/43

Pathological results

SonoVue

0.08–0.10

CEUS

Xu

2014

China

Prospective

159

55.6 ± 14.1

76/83

Histopathological results

SonoVue

< 0.2

CEUS

Yuan

2015

China

Retrospective

37

NA

NA

Pathological results

SonoVue

0.05–0.10

CEUS

Yuan

2018

China

Retrospective

75

56.6 ± 10.5

34/41

Histopathological results

SonoVue

0.05–0.10

CEUS

Zhang

2018

China

Retrospective

103

42.5 ± 10.6

47/56

Pathological results

SonoVue

NA

CEUS

Zheng

2013

China

Prospective

116

49.6 ± 14.5

47/69

Pathological results

SonoVue

0.05–0.20

CEUS

Zhuang

2017

China

Retrospective

88

48.8 ± 14.5

41/47

Pathological results

SonoVue

0.08–0.10

CEUS

  1. NA not applicable; MI Mechanical index; CEUS contrast-enhanced ultrasound; CH-EUS contrast-enhanced endoscopic ultrasonography