Table 1 Demographics, outcome, comorbidity, and model predictor characteristics of the model development population
All Patients n = 128,941 | Training Set n = 72,437 | Testing Set n = 46,458 | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Demographics a | |||||
Measure | Value | ||||
Age | % (n) | % (n) | % (n) | * | |
18–29 | 11.5% (14786) | 10.7% (7778) | 13.1% (6087) | ||
30–39 | 17.5% (22607) | 18.0% (13053) | 18.0% (8361) | ||
40–49 | 9.45% (12183) | 9.49% (6877) | 9.69% (4504) | ||
50–59 | 13.3% (17204) | 13.5% (9784) | 13.4% (6206) | ||
60–69 | 18.2% (23500) | 18.7% (13556) | 17.3% (8026) | ||
70–79 | 15.8% (20388) | 15.8% (11439) | 15.1% (7008) | ||
80–89 | 10.7% (13839) | 10.5% (7588) | 10.2% (4748) | ||
90+ | 3.44% (4434) | 3.26% (2362) | 3.27% (1518) | ||
Ethnicity b | % (n) | % (n) | % (n) | * | |
Hispanic | 9.75% (3467) | 9.77% (2336) | 8.62% (666) | ||
Not Hispanic | 90.3% (32086) | 90.2% (21584) | 91.4% (7060) | ||
Unknown | -- (93388) | -- (48517) | -- (38732) | ||
Race | % (n) | % (n) | % (n) | * | |
Black | 10.9% (14033) | 11.0% (7933) | 10.7% (4987) | ||
East Asian | 7.38% (9520) | 6.50% (4707) | 9.10% (4230) | ||
West Asian | 1.66% (2146) | 1.68% (1219) | 1.74% (807) | ||
White | 61.6% (79424) | 64.1% (46404) | 57.3% (26642) | ||
Other | 16.4% (21181) | 14.8% (10692) | 18.8% (8714) | ||
Unknown | 2.05% (2637) | 2.05% (1482) | 2.32% (1078) | ||
Sex | % (n) | % (n) | % (n) | ||
Female | 60.1% (77478) | 60.3% (43664) | 60.5% (28130) | ||
Male | 39.9% (51459) | 39.7% (28770) | 39.4% (18327) | ||
Unknown | 0% (4) | 0% (3) | 0% (1) | ||
Site | % (n) | % (n) | % (n) | * | |
Tisch | 63.4% (81807) | 72.3% (52398) | 49.2% (22877) | ||
Orthopedic | 15.6% (20137) | 18.1% (13122) | 12.8% (5938) | ||
Brooklyn | 20.9% (26997) | 9.55% (6917) | 38% (17643) | ||
Outcomes c | % (n) | % (n) | % (n) | ||
Any known death | 7.93% (10229) | 9.00% (6521) | 5.20% (2414) | * | |
60-day death | 4.15% (5356) | 4.05% (2935) | 3.57% (1657) | * | |
Median [IQR] | Median [IQR] | Median [IQR] | |||
Days from admission to death | 53 [6, 205] | 83 [12, 306] | 21 [1, 92.75] | * | |
Comorbidities d | Median [IQR] | Median [IQR] | Median [IQR] | ||
Charlson Score | 1 [0, 2] | 1 [0, 2] | 0 [0, 2] | * | |
% (n) | % (n) | % (n) | |||
AIDS/HIV | 0.626% (635) | 0.61% (349) | 0.506% (176) | ||
Cancer (any malignancy) | 16.8% (17094) | 18.2% (10432) | 13.2% (4594) | * | |
Cerebrovascular disease | 10.0% (10149) | 9.99% (5716) | 8.13% (2826) | * | |
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease | 17.9% (18218) | 18.6% (10649) | 13.5% (4703) | * | |
Congestive heart failure | 12.0% (12144) | 11.8% (6774) | 8.56% (2978) | * | |
Dementia | 3.67% (3721) | 3.18% (1819) | 3.09% (1075) | ||
Diabetes with chronic complications | 6.34% (6439) | 4.9% (2806) | 5.68% (1977) | * | |
Diabetes without chronic complications | 16.8% (17019) | 16.2% (9256) | 14.4% (4995) | * | |
Hemiplegia or paraplegia | 2.92% (2962) | 2.83% (1617) | 2.35% (817) | * | |
Metastatic solid tumor | 6.02% (6115) | 6.39% (3657) | 4.55% (1584) | * | |
Mild liver disease | 6.40% (6495) | 6.23% (3566) | 5.14% (1787) | * | |
Moderate or severe liver disease | 1.62% (1642) | 1.59% (910) | 1.11% (385) | * | |
Myocardial infarction | 9.73% (9874) | 9.48% (5423) | 6.9% (2400) | * | |
Peptic ulcer disease | 1.84% (1871) | 1.76% (1009) | 1.27% (443) | * | |
Peripheral vascular disease | 13.1% (13278) | 13.0% (7446) | 9.97% (3469) | * | |
Renal disease | 10.9% (11093) | 10.4% (5937) | 7.93% (2759) | * | |
Rheumatoid disease | 2.87% (2915) | 3.11% (1781) | 2.06% (718) | * | |
Predictors | |||||
Range | Measure | Median [IQR] | Median [IQR] | ||
1–30 days | # of diagnoses | 3 [0, 12] | 3 [0, 13] | 2 [0, 10] | * |
1–30 days | # of lab results | 0 [0, 46] | 3 [0, 47] | 0 [0, 43] | * |
1–30 days | # of office visits | 3 [1, 6] | 3 [1, 6] | 2 [1, 5] | * |
1–30 days | # of emergency department visits | 0 [0, 0] | 0 [0, 0] | 0 [0, 0] | * |
1–30 days | # of hospitalizations | 0 [0, 0] | 0 [0, 0] | 0 [0, 0] | * |
1–365 days | # of diagnoses | 15 [2, 51] | 14 [2, 52] | 11 [0, 36] | * |
1–365 days | # of lab results | 35 [0, 151] | 34 [0, 142] | 15 [0, 84] | * |
1–365 days | # of office visits | 11 [5, 25] | 11 [5, 25] | 9 [4, 20] | * |
1–365 days | # of emergency department visits | 0 [0, 1] | 0 [0, 1] | 0 [0, 1] | |
1–365 days | # of hospitalizations | 0 [0, 1] | 0 [0, 1] | 0 [0, 0] | * |