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Table 2 Characteristics of sampled studies (nā€‰=ā€‰61)

From: Definitions, components and processes of data harmonisation in healthcare: a scoping review

Study name

Date

Type of study

Intervention term

Country

Level of the health care system

Purpose of the study

Akhlaq

2016

Review, qualitative

HIE

LMICs

Management, countries

Barriers and facilitators of HIE

Boyd Boyd

2014

Conceptual

RL

Australia

Research

Functions of record linkage

Burris

2017

Commentary

HIE

USA

Frontline: hospitals

Benefits of HIE

Campion

2012

Primary, quantitative

HIE

USA

Frontline: health care workers

Push and pull of HIE

Cimino

2014

Conceptual

HIE

USA

Management

Debates around consumer-mediated HIE

Dalan

2010

Conceptual

DM

USA

Management

Possibilities for clinical data mining and research

Dimitropoulos

2009

Conceptual

HIE

USA

Management

Privacy and security of interoperable HIE

Dixon

2010

Review, framework

HIE

USA

Research

Costs, effort and value of HIE

Downing

2017

Primary, quantitative

HIE

USA

Management: policy

Relationship between HIE and organisational HIE policy decisions

Downs

2010

Conceptual

HIE

USA

Management

Improving laboratory services through HIE

Dullabh

2013

Primary, qualitative

HIE

USA

Management: organisations

Experience of HIE implementation

Elysee Elysee

2017

Primary, quantitative

HIE, IO

USA

Frontline: hospitals

Relationship between HIE, interoperability and medication reconciliation

Esmaeilzadeh

2016

Review

HIE

n/a

Management: policy

HIE assimilation and patterns for policy

Esmaeilzadeh

2017

Review

HIE

n/a

Frontline: patients

Patientsā€™ perceptions of HIE

Fontaine

2010

Review

HIE

n/a

Frontline: primary health care

HIE for primary health care practices

Fontaine

2010

Primary, qualitative

HIE

USA

Frontline: primary health care

Barriers and facilitators of HIE in primary care practices

Frisse

2010

Conceptual

HIE

USA

Frontline: patients, workers

Impact of HIE on patient-provider relationships

Gadd

2011

Primary, quantitative

HIE

USA

Frontline: health care workers

Usersā€™ perspectives on the usability of a regional HIE

Gill

2001

Primary, quantitative

DL

South Africa

Frontline: patients, disease

Linkage of non-communicable diseases data

Greene

2016

Conceptual

HIE

USA

Management

Technical and financial aspects of HIE

Grossman

2008

Conceptual

HIE

USA

Management

Barriers to stakeholder participation in HIE

Haarbrandt

2016

Conceptual

DW

USA

Management

Approaches for a clinical data warehouse

Herwehe

2012

Primary, quantitative

HIE

USA

Frontline: health care workers

Implementation of an electronic medical record and HIE

Hincapie

2011

Primary, qualitative

HIE

USA

Frontline: health care workers

Physiciansā€™ opinions of HIE

Hopf

2014

Review

DL

n/a

Frontline: health care workers

Healthcare professionalsā€™ views of linking routinely collected data

Hu

2007

Conceptual

DS

USA

Management

Challenges in implementing an infectious disease information sharing and analysis system

Hypponen

2014

Primary, quantitative

HIE

Finland

Frontline: health care workers

User experiences with different regional HIE

Ji

2017

Primary, quantitative

HIE

Korea

Frontline: hospitals

Technology and policy changes for HIE

Jones

2012

Conceptual

DS

USA

Management

An overview of electronic data sharing

Kash

2017

Review

HIE

n/a

Frontline: hospitals

Hospital readmission reduction and the role of HIE

Kierkegaard

2014

Primary, qualitative

HIE

USA

Frontline: health care workers

Applications of HIE information to public health practice

Kierkegaard

2014

Primary, qualitative

HIE

USA

Management

Health practitionersā€™ needs and HIE

Kuperman

2013

Conceptual

HIE

USA

Management

Potential unintended consequences of HIE

Liu

2010

Primary, qualitative

DH

China

Management

Defining data elements for HIE

Maiorana

2012

Primary, mixed

HIE

USA

Frontline: workers, disease

Trust, confidentiality and acceptability of sharing HIV data for HIE

Massoudi

2016

Primary, qualitative

HIE

USA

Frontline: organisations

HIE for clinical quality measures

Mastebroek

2014

Review

HIE

USA

Frontline: disease, workers

HIE in general care practice for people with disabilities

Mastebroek

2016

Primary, quantitative

HIE

Netherlands

Frontline: health care workers

Priority setting and feasibility of HIE

Mastebroek

2017

Primary, qualitative

HIE

Netherlands

Frontline: patients

Experiences of people with intellectual disabilities in HIE

Matsumoto

2017

Primary, qualitative

HIE

USA

Frontline: workers, hospitals

HIE in managing hospital services

Parker

2016

Review

HIE

USA

Research

The use of HIE in supporting clinical research

Politi

2014

Conceptual

HIE

n/a

Management

Use patterns of HIE

Rahurkar

2015

Review

HIE

n/a

Frontline: hospital

Impact of HIE on cost, use and quality of care

Ramos

2016

Primary, mixed

HIE

USA

Frontline: patients

HIE consent process in an HIV clinic

Ranade-Kharkar

2014

Conceptual

HIE

USA

Management

Improving data quality integrity through HIE

Ross

2010

Primary, qualitative

HIE

USA

Frontline: clinics

Motivators, barriers, and potential facilitators of adoption of HIE

Rudin

2014

Review

HIE

USA

Frontline: clinical care

Use and effect of HIE on clinical care

Vest

2016

Primary, qualitative

HIE

USA

Management: policy makers, leaders

Information-sharing needs and HIE

Sadoughi

2018

Review

HIE

n/a

Management

Quality and cost-effectiveness, and the rates of HIE adoption and participation

Santos

2017

Primary, quantitative

HIE

Brazil

Frontline: clinics, hospitals

HIE for continuity

of maternal and neonatal care

Shade

2012

Primary, quantitative

HIE

USA

Frontline: clinics, hospitals

HIE for quality and continuity of HIV care

Shapiro

2016

Conceptual

HIE

USA

Frontline: workers, organisations

HIE in emergency medicine

Shapiro

2006

Conceptual

HIE

USA

Management

Approaches to patient HIE and their impact on emergency medicine

Vest

2012

Review

HIE

n/a

Management

National and international approaches of health information exchange

Vest

2015

Primary, qualitative

HIE

USA

Frontline: consumers, organisations

HIE to change cost and utilisation outcomes

Vest

2010

Conceptual

HIE

USA

Management

Challenges and strategies for HIE

Williams

2012

Conceptual

HIE

USA

Management

Strategies to advance HIE

Yaraghi

2014

Conceptual

HIE

USA

Management

Professional and geographical network effects on HIE growth

Yeager

2014

Primary, qualitative

HIE

USA

Frontline: consumers

Factors related to HIE participation and use

Zaidan

2015

Conceptual

HIE

Malaysia

Management

Security framework for nationwide HIE

Zhu

2010

Primary quantitative

HIE

USA

Research

Facilitating clinical research through HIE