Table 1 Description of Study 1 and Study 2 Samples
Study 1 – Interviews | Study 2 – Survey | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Variable | n | % of N | M | SD | Min | Max | n | % of N | M | SD | Min | Max |
Age (in years) | – | – | 48.35 | 17.46 | 19.00 | 68.00 | – | – | 49.74 | 14.67 | 20.00 | 70.00 |
Education | ||||||||||||
MA graduate or higher | – | – | 15 | 23.1 | ||||||||
BA graduate/college graduate | 6 | 28.6 | 22 | 33.8 | ||||||||
Some college | 7 | 33.3 | 12 | 18.5 | ||||||||
High school graduate | 1 | 4.8 | 12 | 18.5 | ||||||||
Some high school | 4 | 19.0 | 3 | 4.6 | ||||||||
Other education level | 1 | 4.8 | 1 | 1.5 | ||||||||
Employment | ||||||||||||
Full- time working | 8 | 38.1 | 34 | 52.3 | ||||||||
Part-time working | 3 | 14.3 | 12 | 18.5 | ||||||||
Homemaker | 3 | 14.3 | 1 | 1.5 | ||||||||
Retired | 3 | 14.3 | 7 | 10.8 | ||||||||
Student | 3 | 14.3 | 5 | 7.7 | ||||||||
Unemployed | – | – | 6 | 9.3 | ||||||||
Family status | ||||||||||||
Married | 9 | 42.9 | 32 | 49.2 | ||||||||
Never married | 8 | 38.1 | 18 | 27.7 | ||||||||
Never married but relationship | – | – | 4 | 6.2 | ||||||||
Separated/divorced | 1 | 4.8 | 7 | 10.8 | ||||||||
Widowed | 1 | 4.8 | 4 | 6.2 | ||||||||
Gender | ||||||||||||
Men | 11 | 52.4 | 32 | 49.2 | ||||||||
Women | 10 | 47.6 | 33 | 50.8 | ||||||||
Nationality | ||||||||||||
Singaporean | 19 | 90.5 | 57 | 87.7 | ||||||||
Malaysian | 1 | 4.8 | 4 | 6.2 | ||||||||
Other | 1 | 4.8 | 4 | 6.2 | ||||||||
Diabetes Background | ||||||||||||
Diabetes family history | 12 | 57.1 | 50 | 76.9 | ||||||||
Diabetes type | ||||||||||||
T2DM (incl. gestational) | 11 | 52.4 | 50 | 76.9 | ||||||||
T1DM | 9 | 42.9 | 13 | 20.0 | ||||||||
Pre-diabetes | 1 | 4.8 | 2 | 3.1 | ||||||||
Diseases (other) | 8 | 38.1 | – | – | ||||||||
Education on diabetes (received) | 17 | 81.0 | 50 | 76.9 | ||||||||
Length of diabetes (in years) | – | – | 19.89 | 12.07 | 4.00 | 38.00 | – | – | 13.73 | 9.81 | .00 | 36.00 |
Medication | ||||||||||||
Insulin injection (syringe or pump) | 14 | 66.7 | 25 | 38.5 | ||||||||
Oral diabetes medication | 10 | 47.6 | 51 | 78.5 | ||||||||
(Self-) Management | ||||||||||||
Check-up frequency (in months) | – | – | 3.83 | 1.36 | 2.00 | 6.00 | – | – | – | – | – | – |
Diabetes app use | 11 | 52.4 | – | – | ||||||||
Never used | – | – | 34 | 52.3 | ||||||||
Previous use | – | – | 17 | 26.2 | ||||||||
Current use | – | – | 14 | 21.5 | ||||||||
Online health information seeking (Study 2: days per week) | 19 | 90.5 | – | – | – | – | – | – | 2.70 | 2.27 | .00 | 7.00 |
Part of support group | 15 | 71.4 | – | – | ||||||||
Offline | – | – | 42 | 64.6 | ||||||||
Online | – | – | 19 | 29.2 | ||||||||
Part of diabetes program | 2 | 9.5 | 7 | 10.8 | ||||||||