Table 4 The regression performance of the 4 machine learning models considered in the comparative study in terms of coefficient of determination (R2) and related confidence intervals (CIs, at a 95% Confidence Level): the higher the value, the better the performance. The first column presents the CIs of the R2 of models with the ordinal encoding; the second column the same accuracy indicators for the CoIED encoding

From: Ordinal labels in machine learning: a user-centered approach to improve data validity in medical settings